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CRCST > Chapter 3: Anatomy for Central Service Technicians > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Anatomy for Central Service Technicians Flashcards

1
Q

study of the structure and relationships between body parts

A

anatomy

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2
Q

study of the functions of the body parts and the body, as a whole

A

physiology

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3
Q

the basic unit of life

A

cell(s)

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4
Q

the outer covering of a cell that regulates what enters and leaves it

A

cell membrane

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5
Q

clear, jelly-like substance of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

the functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity

A

nucleus

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7
Q

a group of similar cells that perform a specialized function

A

tissue

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8
Q

a part of the body containing two or more tissues that function together for a specific purpose

A

organ

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9
Q

a group of organs that work together to carry out a specific activity

A

system

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10
Q

a cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

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11
Q

a band of connective tissue that connects a bone to another bone

A

ligament

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12
Q

a type of flexible connective tissue

A

cartilage

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13
Q

the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone

A

ossification

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14
Q

any place where two bones meet

A

joint

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15
Q

allows the head to lower as the vertebrae of the neck slide over one another

A

gliding joints

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16
Q

allow movements like swinging one’s arm around in a circle

A

ball and socket joints

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17
Q

allow a turning motion, such as the palm of the hand rotating from up to down when a bone rotates on another ring-shaped bone

A

pivot joints

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18
Q

allow backward and forward bending motions such as knees, knuckles, and elbows

A

hinge joints

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19
Q

a hard-outer material that is dense and strong and consists of calcium and phosphorous

A

cortical bone

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20
Q

the inner spongy section of the bone

A

cancellous bone

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21
Q

the number of bones in the human body

A

206

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22
Q

this system provides support and movement, protects vital organs, produce blood cells, and stores calcium

A

skeletal system

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23
Q

band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue

A

fascia

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24
Q

___ ___are muscles attached to bones by tendons and are voluntary

A

skeletal muscles

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25
Q

___ ___are muscles organized into thin, flat sheets of tissue and are involuntary (visceral). they contract and function without our conscious control

A

smooth muscles

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26
Q

muscles that are like woven mesh fibers that branch out through the heart to give it more strength to pump blood

A

cardiac muscle

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27
Q

the part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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28
Q

all the nerve tissue outside the central nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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29
Q

the largest part of the brain. it controls mental activities and movement

A

cerebrum

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30
Q

the second largest part of the brain. it controls muscle coordination, body balance, and posture

A

cerebellum

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31
Q

controls many automatic body functions such as heartbeat and breathing

A

brain stem

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32
Q

___ is the white portion of the eye and serves as an outer coat to provide protection

A

sclera

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33
Q

___ is the middle layer of the eye that furnishes nourishment to the eye via blood vessels

A

choroid

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34
Q

___ is the eye’s third layer. it is located on the back surface of the eyeball

A

retina

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35
Q

this is known as the ear drum

A

tympanic membrane

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36
Q

what are the three bones of the middle ear?

A

malleus, incus, and stapes

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37
Q

the spiral-shaped tube of the ear which contains receptors or nerve endings that transmits nerve impulses to the brain

A

cochlea

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38
Q

what is the largest body organ?

A

skin

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39
Q

this system is known as a vast communication network

A

nervous system

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40
Q

this system enables movement in the body

A

muscular system

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41
Q

this system adapts to changes in the environment

A

endocrine system

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42
Q

chemical messengers that travel through the blood and act on target organs

A

hormones

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43
Q

this total chemical changes by which the nutritional and functional activities of an organism are maintained

A

metabolism

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44
Q

a hormone that reduces the level of sugar in the blood

A

insulin

45
Q

a hormone that can increase the blood sugar levels

A

glucagon

46
Q

what is the small pea-shaped gland located at the base of the brain? it is considered the master gland because it helps control all the activities of the other endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

47
Q

located at the base of the neck just below the larynx (voice box), its hormones help regulate the rate of metabolism and maintain the bodies levels of calcium and phosphorous

A

thyroid gland

48
Q

four pea-shaped glands located (or sometimes in) the thyroid that control the blood calcium level

A

parathyroid gland

49
Q

during sudden stress, these glands, which are located on top of each kidney, release adrenaline that increases your heart rate and physical strength

A

adrenal glands

50
Q

located below the stomach, this gland contains cells organized into groups, known as the Islets of Langerhans. Two primary hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets: insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

51
Q

female sex glands that produce estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries

52
Q

male sex organ that produces testosterone

A

testes

53
Q

this system produces life

A

reproductive system

54
Q

the male sex cell

A

sperm

55
Q

the female sex cell

A

ovum

56
Q

rod-shaped structures responsible for inherited characteristics passed on from parent to child

A

chromosomes

57
Q

sac in which testes are suspended

A

scrotum

58
Q

a tube that carries sperm cells from the testes to the vas deferens

A

epididymis

59
Q

a duct that transfers sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

A

vas deferens

60
Q

a gland that produces semen

A

seminal vesicle

61
Q

mixture of sperm cells and secretions from several male reproductive glands

A

semen

62
Q

a duct formed by the seminal vesicle with the vas deferens, through which semen moves during ejaculation

A

ejaculatory duct

63
Q

male organ of urination and intercourse

A

penis

64
Q

produces a fluid element in semen that simulated the movement of sperm

A

prostate gland

65
Q

the muscular canal in a female that extends from an external opening to the neck of the uterus

A

vagina

66
Q

lower end (neck) of the uterus

A

cervix

67
Q

a female organ in which the fetus develops during pregnancy

A

uterus

68
Q

the lining of the uterus

A

endometrium

69
Q

slender tubes that covey the ova (eggs) from the ovaries to the uterus

A

fallopian tubes

70
Q

finger-like projections extending from the fallopian tubes that draw ova (eggs) into the fallopian tube

A

frimbriae

71
Q

this system provides pollution control by eliminating body waste

A

urinary and excretory systems

72
Q

two bean-shaped organs containing a vast network of vessels and tubules, called nephron, that act as a filter to remove excess water and waste substance from the blood to produce urine

A

kidneys

73
Q

two tube-like structures that extend from each kidney and connect them to the urinary bladder

A

ureters

74
Q

serves as a reservoir for urine

A

urinary bladder

75
Q

a membranous canal or tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body to eliminate urine

A

urethra

76
Q

an organ that filters the blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins

A

liver

77
Q

the largest body organ that contains sweat glands. it is part of the excretory system that through the process of perspiration, produces and eliminates sweat

A

skin

78
Q

this system supplies the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

79
Q

this is known as the organ of smell. it also filters the air

A

nose

80
Q

the opening through which air, food, and beverages enter the body

A

mouth

81
Q

throat

A

pharynx

82
Q

connects the throat to the stomach

A

esophagus

83
Q

the voice box

A

larynx

84
Q

the windpipe

A

trachea

85
Q

the main passageway for air to travel from the trachea to the lungs

A

bronchi

86
Q

main organs of the respiratory system whose function is transporting oxygen in the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood

A

lungs

87
Q

this system requires a source of energy or fuel to keep it functioning. its function is to convert food into energy for the body

A

digestive system

88
Q

the pathway that food takes through the digestive system. it is also known as the digestive tract

A

alimentary canal

89
Q

a pouch that serves as a reservoir for food that has been consumed

A

stomach

90
Q

the organ in the digestive system where the greatest amount of digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body cells occur. it is the longest part of the digestive system, approximately 20-30 feet

A

small intestine

91
Q

___, ___, and ___ are parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

92
Q

the digestive organ that is known as the colon, dehydrates digestive residues (feces)

A

large intestine

93
Q

the last several inches of the large intestine

A

rectum

94
Q

the lower opening of the alimentary canal

A

anus

95
Q

this system is the body’s primary transportation network. it delivers nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries away carbon dioxide. consists of 60,000 miles of blood vessels in the body

A

circulatory system

96
Q

this is a subsidiary of the circulatory system and serves a vital role in the body’s defense against disease. consists of a series of tiny vessels located through the body

A

lymphatic system

97
Q

a clear liquid fluid that originates from blood plasma

A

lymph

98
Q

a type of connective tissue fluid that transports many substances throughout the circulatory system

A

blood

99
Q

the largest component of the blood. it transports nutrient throughout the body and helps remove wastes from the body

A

plasma

100
Q

blood cells that carry oxygen through the body. are rich in hemoglobin that picks up oxygen in the lungs, transports it to all the body cells and then transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs

A

red blood cells

101
Q

blood cells that circulate in the blood and help defend the body against infection or foreign invaders. they are produced by bone marrow

A

white blood cells

102
Q

blood cells whose function is the help the blood clot

A

platelets

103
Q

the muscular organ (mesh-like woven muscle) that pumps blood throughout the body

A

heart

104
Q

vessels that carry blood AWAY FROM the heart

A

arteries

105
Q

vessels that carry blood TO the heart

A

veins

106
Q

vessels that serve as connection between veins and arteries

A

capillaries

107
Q

the two upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

108
Q

the two lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

109
Q

the biggest blood vessel in the body

A

aorta

CRCST (31 decks)

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