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Medical Terminology Lock Haven > Chapter 4 Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

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2
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline

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3
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

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4
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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5
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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6
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

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7
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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8
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel which create pressure on the median nerve

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9
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that’s not improved by bed rest, made worse with physical or mental activity

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10
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb

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11
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin occurring when normally elastic connective tissues are replace with non-elastic fibrous tissues

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12
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

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13
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion of impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky movement

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14
Q

dystomia

A

condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

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15
Q

electromyography

A

diagnostic test measuring the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

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16
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

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17
Q

ergonomics

A

study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and work environment

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18
Q

exercise physiologist

A

specialist working under physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote fitness

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19
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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20
Q

fibromyalgia

A

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain

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21
Q

ganglion cyst

A

harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs mostly on the outer surface of the wrist

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22
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone

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23
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

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24
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

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25
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

26
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased motor function or activity; hyperactivity

27
Q

hypotonia

A

condition of diminished tone of skeletal muscles

28
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflamed and swollen tendons caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

29
Q

insertion

A

the point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

30
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

31
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of more than 30 genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

32
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

33
Q

myocele

A

herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

34
Q

myoclonus

A

quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

35
Q

myofascial release

A

specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, TMJ disorders, and carpal tunnel

36
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

37
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

38
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

39
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

40
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle

41
Q

origin

A

point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

42
Q

paralysis

A

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

43
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

44
Q

physiatrist

A

physician who specializes in medicine and rehab with the focus on restoring function

45
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

46
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

47
Q

pronation

A

act of rotating the arm of leg so the palm of hand or sole of foot is turned downward or backward

48
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

49
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

50
Q

shin splint

A

painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

51
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

52
Q

sphincter

A

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

53
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

54
Q

tenodesis

A

suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

55
Q

tenolysis

A

release of a tendon from adhesions

56
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

57
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

58
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical incision into a tendon

59
Q

torticollis

A

stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; wryneck

60
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction

Medical Terminology Lock Haven (13 decks)

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