Chapter 3 Medical Terms

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

Question 2

allogenic

Answer 2

originating within another

Question 3

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 3

form of rheumatoid arthritis primarily causing inflammation of the joints between vertebrae

Question 4

arthrodesis

Answer 4

surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

Question 5

arthrolysis

Answer 5

surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

Question 6

arthroscopy

Answer 6

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

Question 7

autologous

Answer 7

originating within the individual

Question 8

avascular necrosis

Answer 8

area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

Question 9

chondromalacia

Answer 9

abnormal softening of cartilage

Question 10

comminuted fracture

Answer 10

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Question 11

compression fracture

Answer 11

occurs when bone is pressed together on itself

Question 12

costochondritis

Answer 12

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

Question 13

craniostenosis

Answer 13

malformation of the skull due to premature closure of the cranial sutures

Question 14

crepitation

Answer 14

grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

Question 15

dual x-ray absorptiometry

Answer 15

low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density

Question 16

gout

Answer 16

type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in joints

Question 17

hallux valgus

Answer 17

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; bunion

Question 18

hemarthrosis

Answer 18

blood within a joint

Question 19

hemopoietic

Answer 19

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Question 20

internal fixation

Answer 20

fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

Question 21

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 21

autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 and younger with symptoms including stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

Question 22

kyphosis

Answer 22

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; humpback, dowager’s hump

Question 23

laminectomy

Answer 23

surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra

Question 24

lordosis

Answer 24

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback

Question 25

lumbago

Answer 25

pain in the lumbar region of the spine

Question 26

malleolus

Answer 26

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Question 27

manubrium

Answer 27

bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Question 28

metacarpals

Answer 28

five bones that form the palms of the hand

Question 29

myeloma

Answer 29

type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in red bone marrow

Question 30

open fracture

Answer 30

break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; compound fracture

Question 31

orthopedic surgeon

Answer 31

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the bones, joints, and muscles

Question 32

orthotic

Answer 32

mechanical appliance such as leg brace or splint specifically designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb

Question 33

osteitis

Answer 33

inflammation of a bone

Question 34

osteoarthritis

Answer 34

type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; wear-and-tear arthritis

Question 35

osteochondroma

Answer 35

benign bony projecion covered with cartilage

Question 36

osteochondroma

Answer 36

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

Question 37

osteoclasis

Answer 37

surgical fracture of a bone to correct deformity

Question 38

ostemalacia

Answer 38

abnormal softening of bones

Question 39

osteomyelitis

Answer 39

inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone

Question 40

osteopenia

Answer 40

thinner-than-average bone density

Question 41

osteoporosis

Answer 41

marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity associated with aging

Question 42

osteoporotic hip fracture

Answer 42

broken bone caused by weakening of the bone from osteoporosis

Question 43

osteorrhaphy

Answer 43

surgical suturing of wiring together of bones

Question 44

Paget's disease

Answer 44

disease of unknown origin characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

Question 45

pathologic fracture

Answer 45

break under normal strain because of weakening from osteoporosis or another disease like cancer

Question 46

percutaneous vertebroplasty

Answer 46

minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine

Question 47

periostitis

Answer 47

inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 48

podiatrist

Answer 48

specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

Question 49

polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 49

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in neck, shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thighs

Question 50

prosthesis

Answer 50

substitute for a diseased or missing body part such as leg that's been amputated

Question 51

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 51

chronic autoimmune disorder which joints and organs are attacked

Question 52

rickets

Answer 52

deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by lack of vitamin D

Question 53

scoliosis

Answer 53

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Question 54

spina bifida

Answer 54

congenital defect occurring during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord

Question 55

spiral fracture

Answer 55

fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

Question 56

spondylolisthesis

Answer 56

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

Question 57

spondylosis

Answer 57

degenerative disorder that causes the loss or normal spine structure and function; spinal osteoarthritis

Question 58

subluxation

Answer 58

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 59

synovectomy

Answer 59

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

Question 60

vertebrae

Answer 60

bony structural units of the spinal column