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Medical Terminology Lock Haven > Chapter 3 Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

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2
Q

allogenic

A

originating within another

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3
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

form of rheumatoid arthritis primarily causing inflammation of the joints between vertebrae

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4
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

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5
Q

arthrolysis

A

surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

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6
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

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7
Q

autologous

A

originating within the individual

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8
Q

avascular necrosis

A

area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

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9
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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10
Q

comminuted fracture

A

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

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11
Q

compression fracture

A

occurs when bone is pressed together on itself

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12
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

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13
Q

craniostenosis

A

malformation of the skull due to premature closure of the cranial sutures

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14
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

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15
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density

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16
Q

gout

A

type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in joints

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17
Q

hallux valgus

A

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; bunion

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18
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

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19
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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20
Q

internal fixation

A

fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

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21
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 and younger with symptoms including stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

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22
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; humpback, dowager’s hump

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23
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra

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24
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback

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25
Q

lumbago

A

pain in the lumbar region of the spine

26
Q

malleolus

A

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

27
Q

manubrium

A

bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

28
Q

metacarpals

A

five bones that form the palms of the hand

29
Q

myeloma

A

type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in red bone marrow

30
Q

open fracture

A

break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; compound fracture

31
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the bones, joints, and muscles

32
Q

orthotic

A

mechanical appliance such as leg brace or splint specifically designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb

33
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone

34
Q

osteoarthritis

A

type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; wear-and-tear arthritis

35
Q

osteochondroma

A

benign bony projecion covered with cartilage

36
Q

osteochondroma

A

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

37
Q

osteoclasis

A

surgical fracture of a bone to correct deformity

38
Q

ostemalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones

39
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone

40
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner-than-average bone density

41
Q

osteoporosis

A

marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity associated with aging

42
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

broken bone caused by weakening of the bone from osteoporosis

43
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of wiring together of bones

44
Q

Paget’s disease

A

disease of unknown origin characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

45
Q

pathologic fracture

A

break under normal strain because of weakening from osteoporosis or another disease like cancer

46
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine

47
Q

periostitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

48
Q

podiatrist

A

specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

49
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in neck, shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thighs

50
Q

prosthesis

A

substitute for a diseased or missing body part such as leg that’s been amputated

51
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic autoimmune disorder which joints and organs are attacked

52
Q

rickets

A

deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by lack of vitamin D

53
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

54
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defect occurring during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord

55
Q

spiral fracture

A

fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

56
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

57
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative disorder that causes the loss or normal spine structure and function; spinal osteoarthritis

58
Q

subluxation

A

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

59
Q

synovectomy

A

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

60
Q

vertebrae

A

bony structural units of the spinal column

Medical Terminology Lock Haven (13 decks)

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