Chapter 4-Logic, Ethics, and Decision-Making

Question 1

The ability to reason or present a strong argument in favor of or against a position.

Answer 1

Logic

Question 2

When a person is faced with making a decision, it is essential to apply logic in the form of _____ to arrive at a decision.

Answer 2

reasoning

Question 3

_______ is the process that arrives at a general conclusion based on a foundation of specific examples or data.

Answer 3

Inductive reasoning

Question 4

_______ is the process that is based on the relationship between two or more events in such a way that it is obvious one caused the other to occur.

Answer 4

Causal reasoning

Question 5

________ is the process of reaching a specific conclusion based on a general statement or principle.

Answer 5

Deductive reasoning

Question 6

_________ is based on a comparison between two similar cases.

Answer 6

Analogical reasoning

Question 7

________ is essential to the inductive reasoning approach to decision-making.

Answer 7

Documentation

Question 8

Deductive reasoning is usually developed in the form of a?

Answer 8

Syllogism

Question 9

The key to effective causal arguments.

Answer 9

Is to establish a factual, direct link between the cause and the effect.

Question 10

Analogical reasoning is usually found in the ______ type of speech.

Answer 10

persuasive

Question 11

A fallacy is:

Answer 11

false or fallacious reasoning without sufficient supporting evidence.

Question 12

What type of fallacy makes a faulty connection between the cause and the effect?

Answer 12

Causal

Question 13

A proponent of a new library says that “There are those who don’t care if children read.” This is an example of which type of fallacy?

Answer 13

Straw man

Question 14

Which type of fallacy makes an argument or conclusion that is based on a insufficient or non-existent evidence?

Answer 14

Hasty Generalization

Question 15

The statement, “Everyone is going, so you should let me ho too,” is an example of which type of fallacy?

Answer 15

Bandwagon

Question 16

The term ethics means?

Answer 16

The principle that is used to determine correct and proper behavior.

Question 17

Where ethical conduct is concerned, company officers must remember that:

Answer 17

society expects higher level of ethical conduct from members of the fire and emergency services.

Question 18

Ethics and ethical behavior are _____ traits.

Answer 18

learned

Question 19

______ is the primary source of ethics and ethical behavior.

Answer 19

Family

Question 20

Creating an ethical culture requires the creation of an ethics program that includes:

Answer 20

a written code of ethics or ethics policy

Question 21

When dealing with an ethical dilemma, a company officer must first:

Answer 21

recognize and define the situation.

Question 22

The responsibility for the development of an ethical culture within the organization belongs to:

Answer 22

everyone in the organization

Question 23

In order to apply the decision-making process, a company officer must gauge the ______ of the unit.

Answer 23

morale

Question 24

Decisions are usually:

Answer 24

generic or exceptional

Question 25

______ decisions will have both risk and uncertainty

Answer 25

Exceptional

Question 26

The _____ decision-making model is usually applied to decisions that have the potential for high risk or uncertain outcomes.

Answer 26

rational

Question 27

The first step in the decision making process?

Answer 27

classify the problem

Question 28

After the problem has been classified and defined?

Answer 28

Various responses must be determined.

Question 29

The best response to a decision?

Answer 29

Fully and completely corrects the problem

Question 30

After determine the best responses, the decision should be?

Answer 30

Acted upon.

Question 31

Making decisions can be difficult because of?

Answer 31

Personal barriers

Question 32

Fear is a _____ barrier.

Answer 32

psychological

Question 33

The barrier of ego or self-esteem can be controlled through?

Answer 33

seeking professional counseling

Question 34

Why members of a group may go along with a decision even when they believe it to be a bad one.

Answer 34

The Abilene Paradox

Question 35

Why does the Abilene Paradox exist?

Answer 35

Members fear their opinion is flawed

Question 36

Symptoms of the Abilene Paradox include? (3)

Answer 36

• Group members become frustrated by poor decisions
• Group members agree in private, but fail to communicate
• Group members fail to communicate and make counterproductive decisions

Question 37

The Abilene Paradox can be overcome by?

Answer 37

Open communication

Question 38

What question should be asked to determine if a decision is ethical?

Answer 38

Is it the truth?