Chapter 4-Logic, Ethics, and Decision-Making Flashcards
The ability to reason or present a strong argument in favor of or against a position.
Logic
When a person is faced with making a decision, it is essential to apply logic in the form of _____ to arrive at a decision.
reasoning
_______ is the process that arrives at a general conclusion based on a foundation of specific examples or data.
Inductive reasoning
_______ is the process that is based on the relationship between two or more events in such a way that it is obvious one caused the other to occur.
Causal reasoning
________ is the process of reaching a specific conclusion based on a general statement or principle.
Deductive reasoning
_________ is based on a comparison between two similar cases.
Analogical reasoning
________ is essential to the inductive reasoning approach to decision-making.
Documentation
Deductive reasoning is usually developed in the form of a?
Syllogism
The key to effective causal arguments.
Is to establish a factual, direct link between the cause and the effect.
Analogical reasoning is usually found in the ______ type of speech.
persuasive
A fallacy is:
false or fallacious reasoning without sufficient supporting evidence.
What type of fallacy makes a faulty connection between the cause and the effect?
Causal
A proponent of a new library says that “There are those who don’t care if children read.” This is an example of which type of fallacy?
Straw man
Which type of fallacy makes an argument or conclusion that is based on a insufficient or non-existent evidence?
Hasty Generalization
The statement, “Everyone is going, so you should let me ho too,” is an example of which type of fallacy?
Bandwagon
The term ethics means?
The principle that is used to determine correct and proper behavior.
Where ethical conduct is concerned, company officers must remember that:
society expects higher level of ethical conduct from members of the fire and emergency services.
Ethics and ethical behavior are _____ traits.
learned
______ is the primary source of ethics and ethical behavior.
Family
Creating an ethical culture requires the creation of an ethics program that includes:
a written code of ethics or ethics policy
When dealing with an ethical dilemma, a company officer must first:
recognize and define the situation.
The responsibility for the development of an ethical culture within the organization belongs to:
everyone in the organization
In order to apply the decision-making process, a company officer must gauge the ______ of the unit.
morale
Decisions are usually:
generic or exceptional
______ decisions will have both risk and uncertainty
Exceptional
The _____ decision-making model is usually applied to decisions that have the potential for high risk or uncertain outcomes.
rational
The first step in the decision making process?
classify the problem
After the problem has been classified and defined?
Various responses must be determined.
The best response to a decision?
Fully and completely corrects the problem
After determine the best responses, the decision should be?
Acted upon.
Making decisions can be difficult because of?
Personal barriers
Fear is a _____ barrier.
psychological
The barrier of ego or self-esteem can be controlled through?
seeking professional counseling
Why members of a group may go along with a decision even when they believe it to be a bad one.
The Abilene Paradox
Why does the Abilene Paradox exist?
Members fear their opinion is flawed
Symptoms of the Abilene Paradox include? (3)
- Group members become frustrated by poor decisions
- Group members agree in private, but fail to communicate
- Group members fail to communicate and make counterproductive decisions
The Abilene Paradox can be overcome by?
Open communication
What question should be asked to determine if a decision is ethical?
Is it the truth?
