Chapter 4: Listening Flashcards
the active process of receiving, attending to, interpreting, and responding to symbolic activity.
Listening
the first step of the listening process, receiving sensory stimuli as sound waves travel from the source of the sound to your eardrums.
Receiving
to stimuli, the second step, occurs when you perceive and focus on stimuli.
Attending
third step of listening, assign meanings to sounds and symbolic activity
Interpreting
an additional step, essentially your reaction to the message or communication of another person.
Responding
summarizing what another person has said in your own words to convey your understanding of the message.
Reflecting
making a personal relational connection with the source of a message that results from the source and the receiver actively working together to create shared meaning and understanding.
Engaged listening
Not displaying any warmth and understanding like used in engaged listening.
Disengaged listening
involves recognizing, understanding, and addressing the interconnection of relationships and communication.
Relational listening
These distractions result from the physical location where listening takes place.
environmental
result from limitations or problems inherent in certain media and technology, such as mobile phones or internet connections.
Medium distractions
result from auditory and visual characteristics of the message source.
Source
this diversion occurs when so much emphasis is placed on attending to every detail of message that the main point becomes lost.
factual
takes place when people are distracted by words or phrases used in a message through negative response or unfamiliarity.
Semantic
occurs when people focus on the content level of meaning or literal meaning rather than the social or relational levels of meaning.
Content
occurs when people focus on the points of a message that correspond with their views and interests and pay less attention to those that do not.
Egocentric listening
occur when you daydream or think about other things than the message being presented.
Wandering thoughts
takes place when people fail to fully listen to someone else because they believe that they possess more or superior knowledge and experience than the other person.
Experimental superiority
becomes an obstacle to listening when a person finds a message so complex or confusing that he or she stops listening.
Message complexity
becomes an obstacle to listening when previous encounters with the message source lead people to ignore the message.
Past experience with the source
also impacts the extent to which you critically engage a message.
status of the source
those that appear legitimate but are actually based on faulty reasoning or insufficient evidence.
Fallacious arguements
happens when a person’s authority or credibility in one area is used to support another.
appeal to authority
claims that something is good or beneficial because everyone else agrees with this evaluation.
Bandwagon appeal
occurs when relationships are used to justify certain behaviors and convince others of their appropriateness.
Appeal to relationships
argues that something is caused by whatever happens before it.
post hoc ergo propter hoc
argues that if one thing happens at the same time as another it was caused by the thing which it coincides.
cum hoc ergo propter hoc
arises when a conclusion is based on a single occurrence or insufficient data or sample size.
hasty generalization
describes the use of another issue to divert attention away from the real issue.
red herring
occur when only two options are provided one of which is generally presented as the poor choice or one that should be avoided.
false alternatives
argues that the parts are the same as the whole.
composition fallacy
argues the whole is the same as the parts
division fallacy
relies on the ambiguousness of language to make an argument.
equivocation
