Chapter 4: Key Terms Part 2

Question 0

The thinnest of the three main kinds of protein fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a solid, helical rod composed of the globular protein actin

Answer 0

Microfilament

Question 1

A digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells; contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest the cell’s food and wastes

Answer 1

Lysosome

Question 2

A photograph taken through a microscope

Answer 2

Micrograph

Question 3

The thickest of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a straight, hollow tube made of globular proteins called tubulins. Microtubules form the basis of the structure and movement of cilia and flagella

Answer 3

Microtubule

Question 4

The fluid contained within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Answer 4

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 5

An organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs. Enclosed by two concentric membranes, it is where most of the cell’s ATP is made

Answer 5

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A double membrane, perforated with pores, which encloses the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the eukaryotic cell

Answer 6

Nuclear Envelope

Question 7

A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

Nucleoid

Question 8

A structure within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell where ribosomal RNA is made and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal subunits

Answer 8

Nucleolus

Question 9

The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell

Answer 10

Organelle

Question 11

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Answer 11

Peroxisome

Question 12

The membrane that sets a cell off from its surroundings and acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell; consists of a phospholipid bilayer in which are embedded molecules of protein and cholesterol

Answer 12

Plasma Membrane

Question 13

An open channel in a plant cell wall through which strands of cytoplasm connect from adjacent cells

Answer 13

Plasmodesma

Question 14

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archae

Answer 14

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 15

A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus

Answer 15

Ribosome

Question 16

A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell’s cytoplasm. Rough ER membranes are studded with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins

Answer 16

Rough ER

Question 17

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the surface architecture of a cell or other specimen

Answer 17

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 18

The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water; Sugars are made in the stroma by the enzymes of the Calvin cycle

Answer 18

Stroma

Question 19

One of a number of disk-shaped membranous sacs inside a chloroplast. Thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and the enzymes of the light reactions of photosynthesis. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum

Answer 19

Thylakoid

Question 20

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens

Answer 20

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 21

A tiny membranous sac in a cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. The vesicle buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi and eventually fuses with another membranous organelle or the plasma membrane, releasing its contents

Answer 21

Transport Vesicle

Question 22

A membrane-enclosed sac that is part of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell, having diverse functions

Answer 22

Vacuole

Question 23

A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 23

Vesicle