75% Questions

Question 0

What is the human body’s ph

Answer 0

Between 7.35 and 7.45

Question 1

What a hydrogen bond is and what it does especially in water

Answer 1

A hydrogen bond is a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. It forms four bonds with other water molecules.

Question 2

of electrons in different shells

Answer 2

1	K	2
2	L	8
3	M	18
4	N	32
5	O	50
6	P	72
Formula= 2x•x  so if shell 3, (3•2)•3= 6•3= 18

Question 3

Differences between ionic and covalent bonds

Answer 3

Ionic bonding- atoms transfer electrons to each other. Ionic bonds require at least one electron donor and one electron acceptor.

Covalent bonding- only atoms that have the same electronegativity share electrons in covalent bonds

Question 4

Difference between Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic

Answer 4

Hydrophilic accepts water, hydrophobic rejects it

Question 5

names of all the functional groups

Answer 5

Phosphate (PO4), Amino (NH2), Methyl (CH3), Carbonyl (C=O), Carboxyl (COOH), Thiol (SH)

Question 6

pH values mean and what is most acidic and least

Answer 6

0-14, 0 most acidic and 14 least acidic (Most Basic), 7 is neutral. Battery acid is the most acidic and Oven cleaner is the least acidic(Most Basic).

Question 7

primary,secondary,tertiary structures of amino acid

Answer 7

The primary is its unique amino acid sequence
The secondary is results of piling/folding of polypeptide. Coiling is called Alpha Helix, Coiling and folding is caused by hydrogen bonds
The tertiary is the overall 3-D shape of polypeptide.

Question 8

A process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure and secondary structure which is present in their native state

Answer 8

Denaturation

Question 9

Main component of cell membranes

Answer 9

Phospholipids

Question 10

The difference between hydrolysis and condensation reactions

Answer 10

Hydrolosis splits condensation joins

Question 11

What makes and organic compound

Answer 11

Carbon

Question 12

Carbohydrate storage in animals and plants

Answer 12

In plants it’s starch and in animals it is glycogen. Glycogen is mainly found in the liver, starch is the main source of energy for a plant, it is found all over the plant.

Question 13

Difference between unsaturated and saturated fats

Answer 13

Saturated is solid at room Temp. And consists of single bonds,
Unsaturated is liquid at room Temp. And consists of at least one double bond

Question 14

A chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).

Answer 14

Peptide bond

Question 15

Cell theory

Answer 15

All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 16

Questions on the egg lab, where the water moves?

Answer 16

Osmosis causes the water to leave the cell. The egg gained volume from being in the water (hypotonic), the water inflated the egg and then when it was placed in the corn syrup it was deflated and the water exited the egg(hypertonic).

Question 17

A type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins.

Answer 17

Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy (ATP)

Answer 18

Active transport

Question 19

Different Redox reactions

Answer 19

Oxidation occurs when a reactant loses electrons during the reaction. Reduction occurs when a reactant gains electrons during the reaction

Question 20

coenzymes, what has to do with it

Answer 20

A coenzyme is a substance that works with an enzyme to initiate or aid the function of the enzyme.

Question 21

Laws of thermodynamics

Answer 21

First Law- Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Second Law- When energy is transferred, there will be less energy available at the end of the transfer process than at the beginning

Question 22

What do enzymes do

Answer 22

They break the starches and disacherides into monosachs. Enzymes are biological catalysts that are composed of proteins. They function to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction.

Question 23

The minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

Answer 23

Activation energy

Question 24

A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.

Answer 24

Active cite

Question 25

The place on an enzyme where a molecule that is not a substrate may bind, thus changing the shape of the enzyme and influencing its ability to be active.

Answer 25

Allosteric site

Question 26

A cellular control mechanism in which an enzyme that catalyzes the production of a particular substance in the cell is inhibited when that substance has accumulated to a certain level, thereby balancing the amount provided with the amount needed.

Answer 26

Feedback inhibitor

Question 27

1. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP
2. Pyruvate accepts H+ from e- from NADH to regenerate NAD+
3. Lactate (lactic acid) waste is made
   This kind of fermentation is used in muscles for short, intense energy bursts

Answer 27

Lactate Fermentation

Question 28

1. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP
2. Pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde
3. Acetaldehyde accepts H+ and e- to regenerate NAD+
4. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and CO2 waste is produced

Answer 28

Alcohol Fermentation

Question 29

It is a form of respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen. Although oxygen is not used as the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain; it is respiration without oxygen.

Answer 29

Anaerobic reaction

Question 30

It has four parts: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.

Answer 30

Aerobic reaction

Question 31

It is a chemical process where the ions are diffused in and out of the membrane. It generates ATP - movement of hydrogen across the membrane.

Answer 31

Chemiosmosis

Question 32

A metabolic pathway found in the stroma of the chloroplast in which carbon enters in the form of CO2 and leaves in the form of sugar.

Answer 32

Calvin cycle

Question 33

The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to energy-rich ATP.

Answer 33

Krebs cycle

Question 34

These plants close their stomata on hot, dry days to limit water loss. In doing this, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the leaf air space falls, which causes the Calvin cycle to slow down

Answer 34

C3 plants

Question 35

These plants open their stomata during the day. In These plants, carbon dioxide is added to a 3-carbon compound, known as PEP, with the aid of PEP carboxylase, which has a high affinity for carbon dioxide.

Answer 35

C4 plants

Question 36

These plants open their stomata during the night. They perform the reverse of regular plants for photosynthesis.

Answer 36

CAM plants

Question 37

This takes place in the thylakoid discs. There, water (H20) is oxidized, and oxygen (O2) is released. The electrons freed up from water are transfered to ATP and NADPH.

Answer 37

Light reactions

Question 38

This occurs outside of the thylakoids (in stomata). In this reaction, the energy from ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbon dioxide (CO2). The products of this reaction are sugar molecules and other organic molecules necessary for cell function and metabolism.

Answer 38

Dark reaction

Question 39

It is the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds during photosynthesis

Answer 39

Carbon fixation

Question 40

Plant organelles involved in photosynthesis

Answer 40

Chloroplast