Chapter 4 Key Terms

Question 1

Albany Plan

Answer 1

• conference of colonial leaders negotiate treaty with Iroquois
• Ben Franklin basically proposes federalism (appointed “president general” and elected legislature)
• not approved by anyone

Question 2

Colonial postal service

Answer 2

Helped to increase communication/inter colonial trade

Question 3

French and Indian War

Answer 3

• 1750s
• English, French, Iroquois
• established English dominance
• brought up underlying tensions b/w England and colonies bc of prolonged contact

Question 4

Seigneuries

Answer 4

Large estates on banks of St Lawrence River established by “feudal lords”

Question 5

Creoles

Answer 5

• White immigrants of French descent

- own Slave plantations in lower Mississippi / Louisiana

Question 6

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 6

• Defensive alliance of 5 Indian nations (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida)
• traded with both English and French, played them against each other

Question 7

Ohio Valley

Answer 7

• competition for English, French, and Native Americans

- principal area of conflict

Question 8

King George’s War

Answer 8

• 1744-48
• English vs French, American colonists get involved
• caused relations between English French and Iroquois to deteriorate

Question 9

First royal colony

Answer 9

New Jersey 1702

Question 10

Fort Necessity

Answer 10

• Washington and his troops trapped inside by the French
• Washington surrendered
• marked beginning of French and Indian War

Question 11

William Pitt

Answer 11

• English Secretary of State
• brought American war effort (French&indian war) under British control
• at first, strict military policy, later relaxed control bc of colonial resistance threatening alliance

Question 12

Impressment

Answer 12

British commanders forcibly enlist colonists to replenish the army

Question 13

George Grenville

Answer 13

• English prime Minister 1763
• colonists had been too long indulged and should be compelled to obey the laws and to pay a part of the cost defending and administering the empire
• tried to impose new system of control upon loose colonies

Question 14

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 14

• London controls westward expansion
• slow down settlement
• reserve opportunities for Englishmen rather than colonists

Question 15

Sugar Act (1764)

Answer 15

• strengthened enforcement of duty on sugar
• lowered duty on molasses
• damage market for sugar growing colonies & New England merchants

Question 16

Currency Act (1764)

Answer 16

-required colonial assemblies to stop issuing paper money & retire on schedule all paper money in circulation

Question 17

Stamp Act (1765)

Answer 17

• imposed tax on most printed docs in colonies (almanacs, newspapers, deeds, wills, licenses)
• crossed the line for the colonists (taxation without representation)

Question 18

Paxton Boys

Answer 18

• band of ppl from w Philadelphia
• demand relief from colonial taxes (not British)
• demand money to help defend themselves from Indians
• get concessions to avoid conflict

Question 19

Regulators

Answer 19

• farmers in Carolina upcountry
• organized opposition to the high taxes that local sheriffs collected
• underrepresented in colonial assembly
• violent revolt crushed

Question 20

Patrick Henry

Answer 20

• Virginia aristocrat in house of burgesses, dramatic speech
• introduced Virginia Resolves

Question 21

Virginia Resolves

Answer 21

• set of resolutions by Patrick Henry

- Americans have same rights as English (no tax without rep)

Question 22

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 22

• oct 1765 NY

- reps from 9 colonies petition the king saying that colonies can only be taxed thru their own provincial assemblies

Question 23

Sons of Liberty

Answer 23

• terrorized stamp agents and burned stamps

- Boston

Question 24

Declaratory Act

Answer 24

• Assert parliament’s authority over the colonies in all cases whatsoever
• compensation for repealing the Stamp Act

Question 25

Charles Townshend

Answer 25

-flamboyant politician/chancellor
-“Weathercock” “Champagne Charlie”
-

Question 26

Mutiny Act (1765)

Answer 26

• aka quartering act

- require colonists to quarter troops / supplies

Question 27

Townshend Duties

Answer 27

• taxes on imported goods “external tax” bc trade

- colonists still saw it as violation of their rights

Question 28

Lord North

Answer 28

• prime minister after Charles Townshend
• secured repeal of all the Townshend duties except tea in March 1770
• hope to divide colonists

Question 29

Sam Adams

Answer 29

• older Puritan radical
• outrage at British suppression
• first head of committee of correspondence in Boston to publicize grievances against England

Question 30

Tea Act (1733)

Answer 30

• gave Britain’s East India Company right to export its merchandise directly to the colonies without paying navigation taxes that were imposed on colonial merchants, who had traditionally served as the middlemen
• this way they can undersell American merchants and monopolize comical tea trade
• revived the whole tax without rep issue

Question 31

Daughters of Liberty

Answer 31

-informal anti British organization

Question 32

Coercive Acts

Answer 32

• aka intolerable acts
• closed the port of Boston
• reduced colonial self gov
• royal officers can be tried in another colony or in England for crime
• quartering of troops in colonists’ houses

Question 33

Quebec Act

Answer 33

• object: create civil gov for French speaking Catholics in Canada and Illinois
• extended boundaries of Quebec
• political rights to Catholics
• colonists see it as a threat

Question 34

First Continental Congress

Answer 34

• September 1774

- delegates from all 13 colonies meet in Carpenter’s Hall Philadelphia