Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards
Albany Plan
- conference of colonial leaders negotiate treaty with Iroquois
- Ben Franklin basically proposes federalism (appointed “president general” and elected legislature)
- not approved by anyone
Colonial postal service
Helped to increase communication/inter colonial trade
French and Indian War
- 1750s
- English, French, Iroquois
- established English dominance
- brought up underlying tensions b/w England and colonies bc of prolonged contact
Seigneuries
Large estates on banks of St Lawrence River established by “feudal lords”
Creoles
- White immigrants of French descent
- own Slave plantations in lower Mississippi / Louisiana
Iroquois Confederacy
- Defensive alliance of 5 Indian nations (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida)
- traded with both English and French, played them against each other
Ohio Valley
- competition for English, French, and Native Americans
- principal area of conflict
King George’s War
- 1744-48
- English vs French, American colonists get involved
- caused relations between English French and Iroquois to deteriorate
First royal colony
New Jersey 1702
Fort Necessity
- Washington and his troops trapped inside by the French
- Washington surrendered
- marked beginning of French and Indian War
William Pitt
- English Secretary of State
- brought American war effort (French&indian war) under British control
- at first, strict military policy, later relaxed control bc of colonial resistance threatening alliance
Impressment
British commanders forcibly enlist colonists to replenish the army
George Grenville
- English prime Minister 1763
- colonists had been too long indulged and should be compelled to obey the laws and to pay a part of the cost defending and administering the empire
- tried to impose new system of control upon loose colonies
Proclamation of 1763
- London controls westward expansion
- slow down settlement
- reserve opportunities for Englishmen rather than colonists
Sugar Act (1764)
- strengthened enforcement of duty on sugar
- lowered duty on molasses
- damage market for sugar growing colonies & New England merchants
Currency Act (1764)
-required colonial assemblies to stop issuing paper money & retire on schedule all paper money in circulation
Stamp Act (1765)
- imposed tax on most printed docs in colonies (almanacs, newspapers, deeds, wills, licenses)
- crossed the line for the colonists (taxation without representation)
Paxton Boys
- band of ppl from w Philadelphia
- demand relief from colonial taxes (not British)
- demand money to help defend themselves from Indians
- get concessions to avoid conflict
Regulators
- farmers in Carolina upcountry
- organized opposition to the high taxes that local sheriffs collected
- underrepresented in colonial assembly
- violent revolt crushed
Patrick Henry
- Virginia aristocrat in house of burgesses, dramatic speech
- introduced Virginia Resolves
Virginia Resolves
- set of resolutions by Patrick Henry
- Americans have same rights as English (no tax without rep)
Stamp Act Congress
- oct 1765 NY
- reps from 9 colonies petition the king saying that colonies can only be taxed thru their own provincial assemblies
Sons of Liberty
- terrorized stamp agents and burned stamps
- Boston
Declaratory Act
- Assert parliament’s authority over the colonies in all cases whatsoever
- compensation for repealing the Stamp Act
Charles Townshend
-flamboyant politician/chancellor
-“Weathercock” “Champagne Charlie”
-
Mutiny Act (1765)
- aka quartering act
- require colonists to quarter troops / supplies
Townshend Duties
- taxes on imported goods “external tax” bc trade
- colonists still saw it as violation of their rights
Lord North
- prime minister after Charles Townshend
- secured repeal of all the Townshend duties except tea in March 1770
- hope to divide colonists
Sam Adams
- older Puritan radical
- outrage at British suppression
- first head of committee of correspondence in Boston to publicize grievances against England
Tea Act (1733)
- gave Britain’s East India Company right to export its merchandise directly to the colonies without paying navigation taxes that were imposed on colonial merchants, who had traditionally served as the middlemen
- this way they can undersell American merchants and monopolize comical tea trade
- revived the whole tax without rep issue
Daughters of Liberty
-informal anti British organization
Coercive Acts
- aka intolerable acts
- closed the port of Boston
- reduced colonial self gov
- royal officers can be tried in another colony or in England for crime
- quartering of troops in colonists’ houses
Quebec Act
- object: create civil gov for French speaking Catholics in Canada and Illinois
- extended boundaries of Quebec
- political rights to Catholics
- colonists see it as a threat
First Continental Congress
- September 1774
- delegates from all 13 colonies meet in Carpenter’s Hall Philadelphia
