Ch 3 Key Terms

Question 1

Covenant

Answer 1

• Binds all residents in a religious and social commitment to unity and harmony
• part of each new settlement/town in Puritan Community

Question 2

George Whitefield

Answer 2

• powerful open air preacher

- made several evangelizing tours through the colonies and drew huge crowds

Question 3

Great Awakening

Answer 3

• 1730s-1740s
• revival of religious spirit
• emphasize rebirth
• popular among women and younger sons of 3rd or 4th generation of settlers who stood to inherit the least land

Question 4

Gullah

Answer 4

• Hybrid of English and African language

- allow slaves to communicate in front of masters

Question 5

Indigo

Answer 5

• Cash crop grown in SC, introduced by Eliza Lucas

- complement to rice bc it harvests while rice is still growing

Question 6

Jeremiad

Answer 6

-sermons of despair that ministers preached deploring the signs of waning piety

Question 7

John and Charles Wesley

Answer 7

• founders of Methodism

- powerful evangelists from England that helped spread Great Awakening

Question 8

John Peter Zinger

Answer 8

NY publisher whose trial (defended by Andrew Hamilton) ruled that criticisms of the government were not libelous if factually true

Question 9

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 9

• New England Congregationalist
• orthodox Puritan original theologian
• attacked doctrines of easy salvation for all
• preached traditional Puritan ideas of absolute sovereignty of God, predestination, and salvation by god’s grace alone
• most influential preacher of Great Awakening

Question 10

Saugus Ironworks

Answer 10

• used water power to drive a bellows (controlled the heat in a charcoal furnace)
• melt down iron ore
• technological success, financial failure

Question 11

Scots-Irish

Answer 11

• Scottish Presbyterians who had settled in Northern Ireland (Ulster) left when England forces Anglicanism
• displacement and suppression of Catholics and Indians

Question 12

Slave codes

Answer 12

• limit black rights in law

- give almost absolute authority to white masters

Question 13

Stono Rebellion

Answer 13

SC 1739

• 100 African slaves rose up, seized weapons, killed several whites, and attempted to escape
• quickly crushed and executed

Question 14

Cotton Mather

Answer 14

• Puritan theologian

- spread smallpox inoculation