Chapter 4- Infectious Disease Flashcards
What is an infection?
presence & multiplication of living organisms on or in a host causes injury or pathological changes
What is a host?
organism capable of supporting the nutritional/physical growth of another organism Ex. Strep Throat
What is normal flora?
bacteria that live on in the body or on the skin do not cause illness common places- skin, eyes, mouth, upper throat
What is a parasitic relationship?
infecting organism benefits. Ex. Mosquito, lice
What is a vector?
mode of transporting the organism Ex. Deer Carrying Ticks
What is a pathogen?
Living organism always causes disease
What is a carrier?
one who has a pathogen without disease and can pass it on
What is virulence?
Disease producing potential
What are saprophytes?
free living organism that obtains growth from dead or decaying matter
What are opportunistic pathogens?
produce infections disease when immunity of host is decreased
What are the types of defense?
Skin and mucous membrane, inflammatory process, immune system
What are the types of microorganisms?
Viruses, bacteria, rickettsiae, fungi, parasites
How can a pathogen enter the body?
Penetration, direct contact, ingestion, inhalation
What are sources of infectious disease?
Endogenous, exogenous, nosocomial, community acquired
What is the disease course?
Incubation period, prodromal stage, acute stage, convalescent stage, resolution
What is the incubation period of a disease?
Entry of organism into body & appearance of signs
What is the prodromal stage of a disease?
patient can feel fatigue loss of appetite (Rash, fever)
What is the acute stage of a disease?
clinical manifestations reaching their peak (break out contagious 2-3 weeks)
What is the convalescent stage of a disease?
gradual recovery of health and strength after an illness(scab over)
What is the resolution stage of a disease?
illness is all gone
What does subclinical or subacute mean?
no apparent symptoms. Within two weeks the person will have a positive test for antibodies to the microbe showing infection has taken place.
What is an insidious disease?
protracted prodromal stage
What is fulminate?
abrupt onset with no prodrome
What are the three sites of infectious disease?
Systemic, localized, abscess
What are the diagnoses of infectious disease?
Evidence of a pathogen, symptoms that are documented
What are the treatments for an infectious disease?
Antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antiparasitic, immunotherapy, surgery
What is Staphylococcus Aureus?
MRSA. -gram positive (staining material if its purple its gram negative) and Naturally occurring in nares
What are the signs and symptoms of MRSA?
Redness (erythema), swelling, fever (febrile), leukocytosis, pyogenic(producing pus)
What is the diagnosis for MRSA?
culture and sensitivity
How do you prevent MRSA spread in the hospital?
aseptic technique (before surgery apply antibacterial wash) Isolation, culture of nose of all staff member who were in contact
What are the types of disease associated with MRSA?
Toxic shock, furuncles and carbuncles, osteomyelitis, abscess, pneumonia, bacteremia, entercolitis
What are the antibacterial treatments for a disease?
Staphcillin, Methcillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Cephalosporins, Clindamycin, Vancomycin
What does MRSA stand for?
methcillin resistant staph aureus (community acquired disorder)
What are the treatments for MRSA?
Staphcillin, ciprofloxacin, Bactrim, septra
How can you prevent staph aureus?
Aseptic technique, isolation, culture noses of staff
What is Group B Streptococcus
Strep throat. Beta hemolytic- subset name(another name) most virulent (rapid severe, and destructive course)
What are the three categories of strep throat?
Carrier state, acute illness, Delayed non-suppurative complications
What are the types of diseases associated with strep throat?
Tonsillitis, wound and skin infection, septicemia, scarlet fever, pneumonia, enterococcus
