Chapter 4- Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is an infection?

Answer 1

presence & multiplication of living organisms on or in a host causes injury or pathological changes

Question 2

What is a host?

Answer 2

organism capable of supporting the nutritional/physical growth of another organism Ex. Strep Throat

Question 3

What is normal flora?

Answer 3

bacteria that live on in the body or on the skin do not cause illness common places- skin, eyes, mouth, upper throat

Question 4

What is a parasitic relationship?

Answer 4

infecting organism benefits. Ex. Mosquito, lice

Question 5

What is a vector?

Answer 5

mode of transporting the organism Ex. Deer Carrying Ticks

Question 6

What is a pathogen?

Answer 6

Living organism always causes disease

Question 7

What is a carrier?

Answer 7

one who has a pathogen without disease and can pass it on

Question 8

What is virulence?

Answer 8

Disease producing potential

Question 9

What are saprophytes?

Answer 9

free living organism that obtains growth from dead or decaying matter

Question 10

What are opportunistic pathogens?

Answer 10

produce infections disease when immunity of host is decreased

Question 11

What are the types of defense?

Answer 11

Skin and mucous membrane, inflammatory process, immune system

Question 12

What are the types of microorganisms?

Answer 12

Viruses, bacteria, rickettsiae, fungi, parasites

Question 13

How can a pathogen enter the body?

Answer 13

Penetration, direct contact, ingestion, inhalation

Question 14

What are sources of infectious disease?

Answer 14

Endogenous, exogenous, nosocomial, community acquired

Question 15

What is the disease course?

Answer 15

Incubation period, prodromal stage, acute stage, convalescent stage, resolution

Question 16

What is the incubation period of a disease?

Answer 16

Entry of organism into body & appearance of signs

Question 17

What is the prodromal stage of a disease?

Answer 17

patient can feel fatigue loss of appetite (Rash, fever)

Question 18

What is the acute stage of a disease?

Answer 18

clinical manifestations reaching their peak (break out contagious 2-3 weeks)

Question 19

What is the convalescent stage of a disease?

Answer 19

gradual recovery of health and strength after an illness(scab over)

Question 20

What is the resolution stage of a disease?

Answer 20

illness is all gone

Question 21

What does subclinical or subacute mean?

Answer 21

no apparent symptoms. Within two weeks the person will have a positive test for antibodies to the microbe showing infection has taken place.

Question 22

What is an insidious disease?

Answer 22

protracted prodromal stage

Question 23

What is fulminate?

Answer 23

abrupt onset with no prodrome

Question 24

What are the three sites of infectious disease?

Answer 24

Systemic, localized, abscess

Question 25

What are the diagnoses of infectious disease?

Answer 25

Evidence of a pathogen, symptoms that are documented

Question 26

What are the treatments for an infectious disease?

Answer 26

Antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antiparasitic, immunotherapy, surgery

Question 27

What is Staphylococcus Aureus?

Answer 27

MRSA. -gram positive (staining material if its purple its gram negative) and Naturally occurring in nares

Question 28

What are the signs and symptoms of MRSA?

Answer 28

Redness (erythema), swelling, fever (febrile), leukocytosis, pyogenic(producing pus)

Question 29

What is the diagnosis for MRSA?

Answer 29

culture and sensitivity

Question 30

How do you prevent MRSA spread in the hospital?

Answer 30

aseptic technique (before surgery apply antibacterial wash) Isolation, culture of nose of all staff member who were in contact

Question 31

What are the types of disease associated with MRSA?

Answer 31

Toxic shock, furuncles and carbuncles, osteomyelitis, abscess, pneumonia, bacteremia, entercolitis

Question 32

What are the antibacterial treatments for a disease?

Answer 32

Staphcillin, Methcillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Cephalosporins, Clindamycin, Vancomycin

Question 33

What does MRSA stand for?

Answer 33

methcillin resistant staph aureus (community acquired disorder)

Question 34

What are the treatments for MRSA?

Answer 34

Staphcillin, ciprofloxacin, Bactrim, septra

Question 35

How can you prevent staph aureus?

Answer 35

Aseptic technique, isolation, culture noses of staff

Question 36

What is Group B Streptococcus

Answer 36

Strep throat. Beta hemolytic- subset name(another name) most virulent (rapid severe, and destructive course)

Question 37

What are the three categories of strep throat?

Answer 37

Carrier state, acute illness, Delayed non-suppurative complications

Question 38

What are the types of diseases associated with strep throat?

Answer 38

Tonsillitis, wound and skin infection, septicemia, scarlet fever, pneumonia, enterococcus