Chapter 4: Inductive Reasoning (Part 2) Flashcards
Edward Levi’s 3 step- process
- Establish Similarities between 2 cases
- Announce the Rule of law in first Case
- Apply the Rule of Law in the Second Case
_____ Is the comparison of things based on similarities that they share
Analogy
Not a false belief but a mistake in thinking and reasoning
Fallacy
____ is a statement that seems to be true until you apply rules of logic
Logical Fallacy
2 Main groups of Fallacy
Formal and Informal Fallacy
Other term for Formal Fallacy
Deductive Fallacy
___ Doesnt make sense. While ______ is incorrect and you have basis to prove it wrong.
Illogical v. Erroneous
____ Originates from error in reasoning rather than flaw in the logical form of argument. These are those that can be detected only through analysis of the content of the argument.
Informal Fallacy
_____ Do not have a problem with language but with the connection of the premise and conclusion.
Fallacy of Irrelivance/ Irrelevant Evidence
3 Categories of Informal Fallacies
- Fallacy of Ambiguity
- Fallacy of Irrelevant Evidence
- Fallacy of Insufficient Evidence
_____ are committed because of misuse of language.
Fallacy of Ambiguity
Like the fallacy of irrelevant evidence, do not have a problem with language but with the connection of the premise and conclusion.
Happens because because the premises fail to
provide evidence strong enough to support the conclusion.
Fallacy of Insufficient Evidence
6 Types of Fallacies of Ambiguity
Equivocation, Amphiboly, Composition, Division, Improper Accent, Vicious Abstraction
This fallacy consists in leading an opponent to an unwarranted conclusion by using a term in its DIFFERENT SENSE and making it appear to have only one meaning. Ambiguity comes
from changing meanings of the word.
Equivocation
This fallacy consists in presenting a claim or argument whose meaning can be interpreted in two or more ways due to its GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTION. Ambiguity comes from
the way the sentence is constructed.
Amphiboly
