Chapter 4: Inductive Reasoning (Part 1)

Question 1

______ is an argument that relies on characteristics of SAMPLE POPULATION to make a claim about POPULATION AS A WHOLE

Answer 1

Inductive Generalization

Question 2

Uses evidence about CERTAIN TYPE to make a general claim about a larger group of that type.

Answer 2

Inductive Generalization

Question 3

2 Questions to ask to determine if Inductive Generalization is STRONG OR WEAK

Answer 3

1. Is the Sample Large Enough
2. Is the Sample Representative?

Question 4

AKA the Fallacy of Hasty Generalizations

Answer 4

Fallacy of Converse Accident

Question 5

The fallacy that occurs when a person ERRONEOUSLY CREATES a GENERAL RULE from observing TOO FEW CASES

Answer 5

Fallacy of Hasty Generalizations

Question 6

How to know if the sample is large enough?

Answer 6

When we have not rushed to judgement/make hasty generalizations

Question 7

How to know if the Sample Representative?

Answer 7

If there is diversity in the sample

Question 8

How do you call a sample that is not representative of the whole population?

Answer 8

BIASED Sample

Question 9

How do you call a sample that comes from different SUBGROUPS and is representative of the population?

Answer 9

Representative Sample

Question 10

How do you call a sample wherein one in which all members HAVE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY to be in the sample?

Answer 10

RANDOM Sample

Question 11

This ensures that the DIVERSITY of the target is reflected in the SAMPLE

Answer 11

RANDOM Sample

Question 12

biased survey: Initiated Contact; unbiased survey:________

Answer 12

Survey Taker

Question 13

_______ is a comparison of things based on the similarities that they share.

Answer 13

Analogy

Question 14

The type of arguments that depend upon an analogy or similirity between things

Answer 14

ANALOGICAL Arguments