Chapter 4 Immune

Question 1

Neomycin/Polymyxin B/Bacitracin

Answer 1

Neosporin; Aminoglycoside is neomycin- Antibiotic cream

Question 2

Butenafine

Answer 2

Lotrimin Ultra; Antifungal cream

Question 3

Influenza Vaccine

Answer 3

Fluzone, Flumist; Antiviral prophylaxis

Question 4

Docosanol

Answer 4

Abreva; Antiviral Acute

Question 5

Amoxicillin

Answer 5

Amoxil; Antibiotic, Penicillin

Question 6

Amoxicillion/Clavulanate

Answer 6

Augmentin; Antibiotic that protects against beta lactamase, Penicillin

Question 7

Cephalexin

Answer 7

Keflex; 1st gen cephalosporin, does not penetrate CSF, poor gram negative coverage, and subject to deactivation by beta lactamase

Question 8

Ceftriaxone

Answer 8

Rocephin; 3rd Gen cephalosporin, good penetration of CSF, good gram negative coverage and resistant to beta lactamase breakdown

Question 9

Cefepime

Answer 9

Maxipime; 4th Gen cephalosporin, good penetration of CSF, good gram negative coverage and resistant to beta lactamase breakdown

Question 10

Vancomycin

Answer 10

Vancocin; Powerful cephalosporin, last line against tough, resistant bacteria like MRSA, needs special attention to dosing

Question 11

Doxycycline

Answer 11

Doryx; Antibiotic tetracycline; Dentists use for periodontal disease

Question 12

Minocycline

Answer 12

Minocin; Antibiotic tetracycline

Question 13

Azithromycin

Answer 13

Zithromax; Antibiotic Macrolide (Erythromycins)-1st day is double dose, then 1x daily for 4 days

Question 14

Clarithromycin

Answer 14

Biaxin; Antibiotic Macrolide (Erythromycins)- 2x day; Good for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) triple therapy with amox and PPI like omeprazole

Question 15

Erythromycin

Answer 15

E-mycin; Antibiotic Macrolide (Erythromycins)- 4x day

Question 16

Clindamycin

Answer 16

Cleocin; Antibiotic Macrolide (Erythromycins)- Dental Prophylaxis for penicillin allergic; Also used topically for acne- *May cause pseudomembranous colitis or antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD)- C Diff

Question 17

Linezolid

Answer 17

Zyvox; Antibiotic Oxazolidinone; Works with MRSA and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

Question 18

Amikacin

Answer 18

Amikin; Aminoglycosides; potential to damage kidney and ears

Question 19

Gentamicin

Answer 19

Garamycin; Aminoglycosides; potential to damage kidney and ears

Question 20

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim

Answer 20

Bactrim; SMZ-TMP; Antibiotic Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors for UTI and prophylactic for immunocompromised HIV; affects folic acid in bacteria–sulfas can cause allergic reactions–sulfamethoxazole can cause a rare, life-threatening skin condition and mucous membranes (Steven Johnson Syndrome).

Question 21

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 21

Cipro; Antibiotic Fluoroquinolone for UTI

Question 22

Levofloxacin

Answer 22

Levaquin; Antibiotic Fluoroquinolone for UTI, left-handed isomer of ofloxacin.

Question 23

Metronidazole

Answer 23

Flagyl; Antibiotic; Various infections including H. Pylori as part of triple therapy–Major side effect is called disulfram reaction when patient experiences heavy nausea and vomiting–projectile vomit may occur when used with alcohol.

Question 24

Rifampin

Answer 24

Rifadin; Anti-TB-Use for several months as TB grows slowly- a part of RIPE

Question 25

Isoniazid (INH)

Answer 25

INH; Anti-TB-Use for several months as TB grows slowly- a part of RIPE-adverse affect is neuritis

Question 26

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Answer 26

PZA; Anti-TB-Use for several months as TB grows slowly- a part of RIPE-adverse affect is polyarthritis

Question 27

Ethambutol

Answer 27

Myambutol; Anti-TB-Use for several months as TB grows slowly- a part of RIPE-adverse affect is optic neuritis

Question 28

Amphotericin B

Answer 28

Fungizone; Antifungal systemic

Question 29

Fluconazole

Answer 29

Diflucan; Antifungal systemic- vaginal yeast infection

Question 30

Nystatin

Answer 30

Mycostatin; Antifungal systemic- Eliminates thrush and yeast in mouth.

Question 31

Oseltamivir

Answer 31

Tamiflu; Anti-Viral non HIV--Taken within 48 hrs of infection- Influenza A and B- used for immunocompromised for acute flu or prophylaxis

Question 32

Zanamivir

Answer 32

Relenza; Anti-Viral non HIV--Taken within 48 hrs of infection- Influenza A and B- disk inhaler to lungs

Question 33

Acyclovir

Answer 33

Zovirax; Anti-Viral- for Herpes, but does not cure, only prevents outbreaks- for Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex (HSV)- Dose 5x day.

Question 34

Valacyclovir

Answer 34

Valtrex; Anti-Viral- for Herpes, but does not cure, only prevents outbreaks- turns into acyclovir in body so dosing only has to be 2x day

Question 35

Palivizumab

Answer 35

Synagis; Anti-Viral vaccine with RSV or respiratory syncytial virus. RSV deadly in children < 1

Question 36

Enfuvirtide (T-20)

Answer 36

Fuzeon; Anti-Viral for HIV; virus fuses on to cell

Question 37

Maraviroc (MVC)

Answer 37

Selzentry; Anti-Viral for HIV; cellular chemokine receptor antagonist (CCR5)- Virus uses to get into cell

Question 38

Efavirenz (EFV)/Emtricitabine (FTC)/Tenofovir (TDF)

Answer 38

Atripla; Anti-Viral for HIV; Non-nuclease reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) with 2 nucleoside/nucleotide rev transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Question 39

Raltegravir (RAL)

Answer 39

Isentress; Anti-Viral for HIV; Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor

Question 40

Darunavir (DRV)

Answer 40

Prezista; Anti-Viral for HIV; Protease Inhibitor