Chapter 4 - Grape-growing and related labeling terms Flashcards
Grapevines can live for
60 years or more
What five things do vines need?
Warmth - Sunlight - Carbon Dioxide- Water - Nutrients
What is the order events in grape formation and ripening?
Flowering - Fruit Set - Veraison - Ripening
If grapes are left on the vine past a normal harvest time, they may develop into a state of:
Extra ripeness
What are the conditions for favorable botrytis?
Must grow on ripe grapes.
Ideal conditions of misty mornings followed by warm dry afternoons to limit the growth.
What is climate composed of?
Heat - Sunlight - Water Availability
What is one of the most important ways of classifying climate?
Amount of heat available during growing season
What months is the growing season in the two hemispheres?
North: April - October
South: October - April
What is the average growing season temperature in a Cool climate?
Avg of 16.5 C (62 F) or below
What is the average growing season temperature in a Moderate climate?
Avg of 16.5 C (62 F) to 18.5 C (65 F)
What is the average growing season temperature in a Warm climate?
Avg of 18.5C (65F) to 21 C (70F)
What type of climate does Grenache require?
Warm
What is the most important factor to influence a wine regions climate?
Latitude
Most vineyards are located between __ and __ degrees latitude.
30 and 50
Fungal diseases can grow on:
grapes and leaves
How is yield calculated?
amount of grapes produced per unit of area
What is an outcome of too high of yields?
diluted flavors and lower levels of sugar
Characteristics of grapes that were harvested early?
lower sugar, higher acid, and likely have more herbaceous flavors
Characteristics of grapes that were harvested later?
higher sugar, lower acid, likely to have riper flavors
What is a GI?
Geographical Indication
A legally defined vineyard area within a country
What are GIs used outside of the EU used for?
To indicate where the grapes used to make the wine were grown.
What are GIs used inside the EU used for?
Not only for indicating where the grapes were grown. Each has extra regulations controlling what grapes may be grown as well as how the wine should be made.
What are the two EU GI types?
PDO - Protected Designation of Origin
PGI - Protected Geographical Indication
Explain a PDO
Protected Designation of Origin
Typically cover small areas, tight regulations.
Explain a PGI
Protected Geographical Indication
Typically cover wider areas and have less strict regulations. More flexibility with grape growing and winemaking techniques.
What other terms may appear on a label?
Vine age, vintage, late harvest, botrytis/noble rot, icewine
What would old vine indicate on a label?
Smaller crop size, generally causing more concentrated and complex aromas.
What is/are the PDO(s) in France?
Appellation d’origine protegee (AOP)
Appellation d’origine controlee (AOC)
What is/are the PGI(s) in France?
Indication geographique protegee (IGP)
Vin de pays (VdP)
What is/are the PDO(s) in Italy?
Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)
Denominazione di Origine Controlatta e Garantita (DOCG)
What is/are the PGI(s) in Italy?
Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)
What is/are the PDO(s) in Spain?
Denominacion de Origen (DO)
Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa)
What is/are the PGI(s) in Spain?
Vino de la Tierra
What is/are the PDO(s) in Germany?
Qualitatswein
Pradikatswein
What is/are the PGI(s) in Germany?
Landwein
