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Small Gas Engine > Chapter 4 - Fundamentals Of Electricity, Magnetism, And Electronics > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Fundamentals Of Electricity, Magnetism, And Electronics Flashcards

1
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

Electric current that alternately changes direction.

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2
Q

Ammeter

A

An instrument for measuring the flow of electric current.

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3
Q

Ampere (A)

A

A unit of measurement for flow of electric current.

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4
Q

Atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that can exist, alone or in combination.

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5
Q

Base

A

One of the three elements in a transistor.

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6
Q

Bound electron

A

A closely held electron that never leaves an atom.

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7
Q

Circuit breaker

A

A switch that trips to the open position to stop excess current flow in a circuit. After a breaker trips, it can be reset to allow current flow through the circuit.

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8
Q

Collector

A

One of the three elements in a transistor.

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9
Q

Conductors

A

A material along or through which electricity will flow with slight resistance; silver, copper, and carbon are good conductors.

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10
Q

Direct current (DC)

A

Electric current that flows continuously in one direction, such as that generated by a storage battery.

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11
Q

Domain

A

A group of atoms having the same magnetic polarity.

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12
Q

Electronic

A

Term used to describe any electrical component, assembly, circuit, or system that uses semiconductor, or solid state, devices.

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13
Q

Electron

A

Negatively (-) charged particle that travels in orbit around the center of the atom.

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14
Q

Emitter

A

One of the three elements in a transistor.

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15
Q

Forward biased

A

Term used to describe a diode that is connected in a circuit in such a way that it acts as a conductor.

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16
Q

Free electron

A

An electron that can be freed to move from one atom to another when electricity is applied.

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17
Q

Fuse

A

Circuit protection device that contains an internal conductor that is designed to melt when current in the circuit exceeds the current rating of the fuse.

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18
Q

Fusible link

A

A special type of wire that is designed to melt when too much current is flowing through a circuit. This type of circuit protection device is generally used in circuits that carry large amounts of current.

19
Q

Insulator

A

A nonconductor of electricity. Material in which the majority of atoms contain bound electrons. Can also refer to the aluminum-oxide ceramic material that surrounds a spark plug’s center electrode and forms top portion of the spark plug.

20
Q

Jumper wire

A

A length of wire with alligator clips at each end used to bypass components or to apply source voltage directly to a component.

21
Q

Magnetic field

A

Force produced by a magnet and evidenced by lines of force, or magnetic flux, around the magnet.

22
Q

Multimeter

A

A measuring instrument that is a combination ammeter, ohmmeter, and voltmeter.

23
Q

Neutron

A

An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

24
Q

Ohmmeter

A

An instrument that measures the resistance to the flow of electrical current through a conductor.

25
Q

Ohm

A

A measurement of the resistance to the flow of an electrical current through a conductor.

26
Q

Ohm’s law

A

Formula used to calculate an unknown circuit value when two other values are known.

27
Q

Parallel circuit

A

An electrical circuit in which there is more than one path for the current to flow.

28
Q

Peak inverse voltage (PIV)

A

The amount of voltage a diode can take in the reverse direction without being damaged.

29
Q

Proton

A

A large, heavy, positively (+) charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

30
Q

Relay

A

A device used as an electrical switch, allowing a relatively low current to be used to control a high current.

31
Q

Reverse biased

A

A term used to describe a diode that is connected in a circuit in such a way that it acts as an insulator.

32
Q

Semiconductor diode

A

A two-element solid state electronic device that permits current to flow in only one direction.

33
Q

Semiconductor material

A

A material that can act as a conductor under certain conditions and and insulator under other conditions. Common semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium, and selenium.

34
Q

Series circuit

A

Electrical circuit in which the current passes from the power source to each device in turn and then flows back to other terminal of the battery.

35
Q

Series-parallel circuit

A

Electrical circuit in which some electrical devices are connected in series and other are in parallel.

36
Q

Silicon-controlled rectifier

A

A semiconductor component that conducts electricity only when dc voltage is applied to its gate.

37
Q

Solenoid

A

An iron core, surrounded by a coil of wire, that moves due to magnetic attraction when an electrical current is fed to the coil. Solenoids are often used to actuate mechanisms by electrical means.

38
Q

Solid-state device

A

A term used to describe electrical devices that have no moving parts. These devices are made from semiconductor materials.

39
Q

Switch

A

A device used to control the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

40
Q

Test light

A

A diagnostic tool used to check for continuity or the presence of voltage in an electrical circuit.

41
Q

Transformer

A

An electrical device designed to increase or decrease voltage or current levels.

42
Q

Transistor

A

A semiconductor device that is often used for switching applications.

43
Q

Volt (V)

A

A unit of electrical force that will cause a current of one ampere to flow through a resistance of one ohm.

44
Q

Voltmeter

A

An instrument for measuring the voltage in an electrical circuit.

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