Chapter 4: Functional Anatomy Of Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Prokaryote features

Answer 1

Singular/circular DNA with no histones
No membrane-bound organelles
Peptidoglycan walls
Binary fission

Question 2

Eukaryote features

Answer 2

Paired chromosomes with histones in the nuclear membrane.
Membrane bound organelles
Simple polysaccharide cell walls
Mitosis

Question 3

Structures external to cell wall

Answer 3

Glycocalyx
Flagella
Fimbriae
Pili

Question 4

Functions of glycocalyx

Answer 4

Protection against dehydration and inhibits movement of nutrients outside cell

Question 5

Two types of glycocalyx

Answer 5

Capsules and slime layer

Question 6

Peritrichous

Answer 6

Surrounds entire bacteria

Question 7

Polar

Answer 7

One or both ends of bacteria

Question 8

Lophotrichous

Answer 8

Tuft of flagella at one pole

Question 9

Fimbriae are on:

Answer 9

Gram negative bacteria

Question 10

Conjugation

Answer 10

The transfer of DNA between two bacterial cells.

Question 11

Composition of bacterial cell wall

Answer 11

Peptidoglycan layer

Lattice formation of disaccharide and polypeptide amino acids

Question 12

Gram-positive the cell wall

Answer 12

absorbs die and looks purple
Thick and rigid
Easily disrupted by lysozyme 
Exotixin production
Penicillin sensitive

Question 13

Gram-negative cell wall

Answer 13

Pink when dyed
Thin layer
LPS membrane
Sensitive to tetracycline

Question 14

Lysozyme

Answer 14

A digestive enzyme causes cell lysis

DOESNT WORK WITH GRAM NEGATIVE

Question 15

Active process requires

Answer 15

ATP

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 16

Movement of ions and large molecules using transporter proteins

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

Meant to movement of solvent molecules from high to low concentration across a selective permeable membrane

Question 18

Aquaporin

Answer 18

Integral proteins that functions as a water channel

Question 19

Antimicrobial agents

Answer 19

Alcohols and disinfectants

Question 20

Polymixins

Answer 20

Antibiotics

Injures the plasma membrane, leakage of intracellular contents, and cell death

Question 21

Cytoplasm

Answer 21

Substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane, 80% water, contains carbohydrates, proteins, ions

Question 22

Nucleoid

Answer 22

Long continuous and circular strand of double-stranded DNA – bacterial chromosomes

Question 23

Plasmid

Answer 23

Circular double-stranded DNA confers antibiotic resistance from one cell to another. Not associated with bacterial chromosome

Question 24

Ribosomes

Answer 24

Site of protein synthesis

Question 25

Bacterial chromosome

Answer 25

Circular thread of DNA that contains the cells genetic information

Question 26

Plasmids

Answer 26

Extra chromosome all genetic elements that carry non-crucial genes

Question 27

Streptomycin

Answer 27

Target 30S subunit

Question 28

Erythromycin

Answer 28

Target 50S subunit

Question 29

Sporulation

Answer 29

Endospore formation

Question 30

Germination

Answer 30

Return to vegetative state

Question 31

Smooth ER

Answer 31

No ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, fats and steroids

Question 32

Rough ER

Answer 32

Ribosomes synthesizes proteins

Question 33

Golgi apparatus

Answer 33

Processes and packages proteins and lipids for use within cells and secretion outside cells via secretory vesicles

Question 34

Vacuole

Answer 34

Storage compartment

Question 35

Lysosomes/peroxisomes

Answer 35

Hydrolytic enzymes, digest bacteria, viruses, damaged organelles, and cellular waste
Peroxisomes: oxidizes compounds and protects the cell

Question 36

Centrosome

Answer 36

Organization of microtubules in parentheses give cell structure
Mitosis and meiosis