Chapter 4: Functional Anatomy Of Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Prokaryote features
Singular/circular DNA with no histones
No membrane-bound organelles
Peptidoglycan walls
Binary fission
Eukaryote features
Paired chromosomes with histones in the nuclear membrane.
Membrane bound organelles
Simple polysaccharide cell walls
Mitosis
Structures external to cell wall
Glycocalyx
Flagella
Fimbriae
Pili
Functions of glycocalyx
Protection against dehydration and inhibits movement of nutrients outside cell
Two types of glycocalyx
Capsules and slime layer
Peritrichous
Surrounds entire bacteria
Polar
One or both ends of bacteria
Lophotrichous
Tuft of flagella at one pole
Fimbriae are on:
Gram negative bacteria
Conjugation
The transfer of DNA between two bacterial cells.
Composition of bacterial cell wall
Peptidoglycan layer
Lattice formation of disaccharide and polypeptide amino acids
Gram-positive the cell wall
absorbs die and looks purple Thick and rigid Easily disrupted by lysozyme Exotixin production Penicillin sensitive
Gram-negative cell wall
Pink when dyed
Thin layer
LPS membrane
Sensitive to tetracycline
Lysozyme
A digestive enzyme causes cell lysis
DOESNT WORK WITH GRAM NEGATIVE
Active process requires
ATP
Facilitated diffusion
Movement of ions and large molecules using transporter proteins
Osmosis
Meant to movement of solvent molecules from high to low concentration across a selective permeable membrane
Aquaporin
Integral proteins that functions as a water channel
Antimicrobial agents
Alcohols and disinfectants
Polymixins
Antibiotics
Injures the plasma membrane, leakage of intracellular contents, and cell death
Cytoplasm
Substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane, 80% water, contains carbohydrates, proteins, ions
Nucleoid
Long continuous and circular strand of double-stranded DNA – bacterial chromosomes
Plasmid
Circular double-stranded DNA confers antibiotic resistance from one cell to another. Not associated with bacterial chromosome
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
