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History and Geography Grade 8 > Chapter 4: From Civil War to Commonwealth > Flashcards

Chapter 4: From Civil War to Commonwealth Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a civil war?

A

When a country is fighting with itself; there is an internal conflict

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2
Q

What was the English Civil War? Explain briefly. And when.

A

It happened in 1642, where thousands of Englishmen fought each other.

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3
Q

What were the two sides in the English Civil War?

A

There was King Charles I and his followers, called the Royalists. On the other side were the men of Parliament and their followers, called the Parliamentarians.

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4
Q

What two main powers were against each other in the English Civil War?

A

The parliament and King Charles I

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5
Q

When did King James I die?

A

He died in 1625.

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6
Q

Why was the Civil War fight triggered?

A

James I sent the members of the parliament back to their homes for 11 years, and only brought them back because he needed money.

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7
Q

What started the preparation for the war? When?

A

In December 1641, a long list of complaints about King Charles I was given to him

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8
Q

How did the Royalists get the money for the war?

A

King Charles I’s wife sold the crown jewels in Netherlands

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9
Q

On what day did was the English Civil War officially declared?

A

22 August 1642

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10
Q

What side did ordinary people take in the English Civil War?

A

They chose the side that got to their village/town first or what their landowner supported.

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11
Q

What consequences did the ordinary Englishmen have in the Civil War?

A

They often fought with friends and family, were forced to give shelter and food to soldiers. This made people suffer as their homes, possessions and land were destroyed by the visiting soldiers.

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12
Q

Which people supported the king in the Civil War?

A

Rich lords and country gentlemen. Catholics also.

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13
Q

Which people supported the parliament in the Civil War?

A

Merchants, businessmen and Puritans

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14
Q

Who were Cavaliers?

A

They were the royalist people in the civil war

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15
Q

Who were the Roundheads

A

They were the parliamentarians in the civil war

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16
Q

What is cavalry?

A

Cavalry is the army unit that are soldiers on horses

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17
Q

What army unit did ordinary people become?

A

They became musketeers or pikemen

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18
Q

What do you call soldiers without horses?

A

Infantry

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19
Q

What clothing colour did each side wear to differentiate each other?

A

Royalists wore red slashes (a thin red cloth that they wrapped around their body), and Parliamentarians wore yellow slashes.

20
Q

Who were musketeers?

A

Musketeers were army units with muskets. Musket is a big heavy gun.

21
Q

Who were pikemen?

A

Pikemen were army units with pikes. A pike is a very very long stick with metal at the end. They also had a sword, unlike musketeers who just had a musket.

22
Q

What was the first great battle in the Civil war

A

Battle of Edgehill 1642

23
Q

What was the New Model Army?

A

It was a professional army, which was created after the first great battle of the civil war by the Parliament. It was England’s first truly professional army.

24
Q

What was Oliver Cromwell’s role in the creation of the New Model Army?

A

He criticized the army and said that it needed to be improved. The job of creating this was given to Thomas Fairfax.

25
Q

What two battles ensured the success of the New Model Army?

A

The battle of Marston Moor and Naseby.

26
Q

When did King Charles realize he couldn’t do anything anymore? What did he do?

A

He gave up on May 5 1646, and went to Scotland hoping to be safe there. He was sold to the Parliament for 400,000 pounds.

27
Q

What happened after King Charles was captured by the parliament?

A

The parliament hoped to have peaceful talks with King Charles I, but he escaped and persuaded the Scots to help him fight again. They fought and lost quickly.

28
Q

When was King Charles I beheaded?

A

30 January 1649

29
Q

What led to King Charles I getting beheaded?

A

He was tried in English courts, and didn’t say if he was going to plead guilty or not guilty. He was being very disobedient until eventually the court declared him a traitor and the judges signed the death warrant.

30
Q

Explain what happened on the day of the execution, before, during and after it.

A

Charles spent the few days at one of his royal palaces. He dressed in all black and walked his pet spaniel at St James’s Park. He wore a blue sash as a sign or royalty. Many executioners refused to do the job until 2 people accepted the offer but did it with fake beards and everything. After Charles was beheaded, his head was picked up and shown. People paid to do weird things (dip their handkerchiefs in the blood).

31
Q

What is a Republic? and was Britain ever a Republic?

A

A Republic is a country without a king or queen, and Britain was a Republic after King Charles I death.

32
Q

For how long was Britain a Republic?

A

11 years

33
Q

Who was the unofficial leader after King Charles I’s death?

A

Oliver Cromwell.

34
Q

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

A

He was a Member of the Parliament and a brilliant army leader. He was also a Puritan (a person who was a strict christian).

35
Q

Did the Parliament rule after King Charles death?

A

No, because politicians were arguing amongst each other. Instead, Oliver Cromwell, who was greatly respected, decided to rule the country himself. He divided the country into 11 regions and appointed a Major-General for each one.

36
Q

What did Major-Generals and Oliver Cromwell do as Puritans?

A

They banned many entertainments such as Football, Inns, Bear-baiting, Theaters, Maypole dancing, and gambling. They also banned several traditional days such as May Day and Christmas.

37
Q

Was Cromwell a good Puritan himself?

A

No, he frequently drank, played bowls, and liked music and hunting.

38
Q

When did Oliver Cromwell die?

A

September 1658

39
Q

What is an interregnum?

A

A period of time in a country where there are no kings, they are in between kings.

40
Q

Is Cromwell supported in Britain??

A

Some people like him, some dont.

41
Q

Why did Oliver Cromwell die?

A

Malaria

42
Q

Who was Cromwell junior?

A

He was Richard, son of Cromwell who was made Lord Protector. He didn’t want the job (to work in his farm) and resigned after he couldn’t solve disputes between the army and the parliament.

43
Q

Who became king after Cromwell Junior?

A

King Charles II, son of King Charles I.

44
Q

When did King Charles II become king?

A

1660

45
Q

What did King Charles II do about the people who killed King Charles?

A

He took out the heads of the people who were already dead, and executed the regicides (remember this term, it is for someone who has killed a monarch)

46
Q

What happened to Cromwell’s head?

A

It was placed on a pole, but was blown off in a storm. Then a soldier finds it and eventually gives it to his family once he dies. The head was sold and placed in a museum, then sold again and put on display. Then a person bought it, whose descendants decided to bury it properly

History and Geography Grade 8 (6 decks)

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