Chapter 1.5 to 1.7 Flashcards
What was the Spanish Armada?
A big fleet of Spanish ships that were designed for the invasion of England.
How many ships did the Spanish armada have?
130 Huge warships
Why did King Philip II want to invade England?
- Sir Francis Drake set fire to 30 of the royal warships
- English sailors always stole gold and silver from Spanish ships
- Queen Elizabeth killed Queen Mary of Scotland
- Spanish Netherland, which was under control of Spain, didn’t like being under Spanish rule. They rebelled with help from English soldiers
Which year did the Spanish Armada set sail?
Summer of 1588
What was the plan of the Spanish Armada?
To send the ships from Spain and meet his soldiers at Calais (a city at the north coast of France), then to bring the across the English Channel, and remove Elizabeth from the throne.
What was good about the English ships?
They were smaller (so they were faster)
They had better and more accurate weapons/cannons
The commander was very good
What was bad about the English ships?
They were smaller
They had less sailors
They had less ships
What was good about the Spanish Armada?
The ships were bigger
They had more sailors
They had more ships
What was bad about the Spanish Armada?
Very slow
Weak weapons
Weak commander (duke of medina sidonia)
In what shape did the Spanish Armada set out with?
A crescent shape
When did the Spanish Armada set sail?
22 July 1588
Explain the whole story of the Spanish invasion
- Spanish ships were spotted off of Cromwell in 29 July. People were warned of invasion
- Spanish ships arrive in Calais, France in 6 August, but the soldiers are delayed
- Sir Francis Drakes send 8 old ships on fire, called a fireship, to scatter the Spanish ships.
- The Spanish ships flee north towards Scotland, but a storm comes and messes up the ships
- The sailors get off the ships and get attacked by Irish and Scots on the coasts
How many ships from the invasion made it back to Spain
67
Who was Humphrey Gilbert?
He was an explorer who was given permission in 1578 to travel to North America and build a settlement. His first try failed but second try somewhat failed. He claimed hundreds of miles of land for the Queen but had to go back to England because of the lack of resources. On the way back his ship drowned and sank
What was the contribution of Walter Raleigh to Britain’s empire-building efforts?
Walter Raleigh was an English explorer, and soldier who sponsored and organized several voyages to North America. He played a key role in the establishment of the first English colony in America, known as Roanoke.
What was Roanoke?
Roanoke was the first English colony established in America in 1585. However, the colony mysteriously vanished.
Which king played a role in Britain’s empire-building during this period? When did he succeed the throne and what did he do?
King James I, also known as James VI of Scotland, was the monarch who played a role in Britain’s empire-building efforts. He succeeded Queen Elizabeth I in 1603 and was responsible for granting power/money to English companies to establish colonies in North America.
What were privateers?
Privateers were privately owned ships authorized by a government to carry out attacks on enemy vessels during times of war. They played a significant role in Britain’s empire-building efforts as they helped disrupt enemy shipping and capture valuable resources. (shorter words: THEY WERE PIRATES BUT LEGAL AND DESIGNED TO ATTACK ENEMY COUNTRIES)
What is the difference between privateers and pirates?
The main difference between privateers and pirates is legality. Privateers were authorized by a government to attack enemy ships during times of war, while pirates were individuals who engaged in unauthorized acts of robbery and violence at sea, targeting any vessel regardless of nationality.
How did British traders/explorers earn money during Britain’s empire forming?
British traders earned money by buying
goods and resources from America at relatively low prices and then sell them at higher prices in other markets, such as Europe.
Why were portraits important during Queen Elizabeth’s reign?
Portraits were important during Queen Elizabeth’s reign as they played a crucial role in projecting her image and asserting her power. They were used as propaganda, promoting the queen’s authority, beauty, and virtue to the public and foreign dignitaries.
