Chapter 4: Fibre Structure & Properties Flashcards
Fibre
- Fine, thread like substance
- Length of at least 100x greater than the width.
- Raw material used to make yarn-fabrics
Short fibres
Short fibres = staple fibres
Usually range from 15mm—1500mm length
Long or Continuous Fibres
Long or continuous fibres = filament fibres
Classification of fibres
- Manufactures fibres:
Regenerated or synthetic - Natural fibres:
Animal, Inorganic, Vegetable
Manufactured fibres: Regenerated
Rayon and Acetate
Manufactured fibres: Synthetic
Polyester
Nylon
Acrylic
Elastomeric
Natural fibres: Animal
Sheep Alpaca Camel Goat Rabbit Silk Spider silk
Natural fibres: Inorganic
Metallic
Fibre optics
Asbestos
Fibreglass
Natural fibres: Vegetable
Linen Hemp Rubber Coir Sisal Cotton
Fibre Properties
- Aesthetic Lustre Drape - Durability Abrasion resistance Strength - Comfort Absorbency Elasticity Thermal properties Dimensional stability - Care Effects of chemicals Sun resistance Colour fastness Shrink resistance
Aesthetics
Lustre = gloss, sheen, sparkle, shine, cause by light Drape = how fabric falls, hangs
Durability
Abrasion resistance = withstand rubbing, wear and tear
Strength = resist breaking
Comfort
Absorbency = ability absorb water
Elasticity = return to original shape
Thermal properties = withstand or transfer heat
Dimensional stability= inability to shrink/stretch
Care
Effects of chemicals = withstand acids, alkalis, solvents
Sun resistance = withstand deterioration when exposed
Colour fastness = withstand colour change after exposure heat, water
Shrink resistance = inability to contract
Fibre structure
Includes:
- external structure (fibre morphology)
- chemical composition
- internal structure
- amorphous structure
- crystalline structure
External structure (fibre morphology)
Include:
- staple or filament fibres
- diameter, denier
- cross section shape
- surface characteristics (crimp)
Chemical composition
What a fibre is made from.
E.g. cotton is made from cellulose and wool is made from protein
Internal structure
- A monomer is basic unit of fibre
- Polymerisation = process of joining monomers to form chain or polymer’
- length of polymers varies between fibre
All contain crystalline and amorphous regions, they relate to arrangement of polymers.
Amorphous Structure
Occurs when: polymers are in random arraignment, large distance between them, few binding forces
- week fibre
Properties: poor strength, low durability, good absorbency, easy dyed, more elasticity, good abrasion resistance
Crystalline Structure
Occurs when: polymers are packed closely together in parallel arrangement, many binding forces.
-stronger fibres
Properties: strength, high durability, low absorbency, not dyed easy, less elasticity, poor abrasion resistance
