Chapter 1: Elements & Principles Of Design Flashcards
Factors determining appropriate design.
- environmental sustainability
- manufacturing techniques
- economics
- decorative techniques
Environmental sustainability.
Preserve biodiversity and natural ecosystems over an time.
When designing consider needs of humans in relation to cleaner future
Responsible design practice:
- preserve resources
- energy to process
- disposal of item and residual waste
Manufacturing techniques.
Market safe products, make sure constructed using correct techniques to meet safety standards and provide clear instructions/warnings possible misuse.
ACCC
Economics.
Must consider all aspects of economics, cost of materials, designing, manufacturing.
Will minimise wastage of money, materials, unnecessary production.
Decorative Techniques.
The ones chosen should be appropriate to end-purpose. Add to aesthetic and not interfere with functional aspects.
Elements of design.
- Line & Direction
- Shape & Size
- Texture
- Colour & Value
Principles of Design.
- Proportion
- Balance
- Rhythm
- Emphasis
- Contrast & Harmony
- Unity
Line & Direction
- Element
Lines define direction, eye lead around design determined by the type of line. Can divide or outline. Express emotion and movement.
Create illusions: Vertical = height, slim eye up down. Horizontal = width, emphasis, short, eye side-side. Curved = rounder. Narrow angle = eye down. Wider angle = eye out, emphasis.
- Horizontal =
- Vertical =
- Diagonal =
- Zig Zag =
- Thick =
- Thin =
- Straight =
- Curved =
- Wavy =
- Spiral =
- Broken =
Shape & Size.
- Element
Shape: closed line, organic (free-form, natural), geometric (square, Circle, triangle)
No depth is two-dimensional/flat. With depth is three-dimensional/form
Create illusions: same as line.
Focal point is shape, draws eye in
Irregular shapes more interesting
Busily design = not enough space
Shapes lost in background = to much space
Colour & Value
- Element
Hues: name of colour
Colours connect with emotions
Value: lightness or darkness = depth and volume
- Shade: Colour with black added (darker value)
- Tint: Colour with white added to it (lighter value)
Colour schemes:
- Monochromatic = shades and tints of one colour = soothing effect
E.g.
- Analogous/Harmonious = colours adjacent on wheel = richer lack contrast
E.g.
- Complementary = colours opposite on wheel, 1 warm & 1 cool = bright, contrast
E.g. red and blue
- Split-complementary = 2 colours adjacent one opposite = high contrast, more harmonious than complementary
E.g.
- Triad = 3 colours evenly spaced out = strong visual contrast, vibrant
E.g. yellow, blue, red or green, organelle, purple
- Achromatic = only uses black, white, grey tones
Proportion
- Principles
Relationship between 2 parts of design.
Sizes shapes or amounts
Symmetry has effect on proportion
Balance effects aesthetics
Balance
- Principle
Gives designs stability and strength
Visual wight of shape, texture, colour, line, space
Symmetrical= same or similar on either side Asymmetrical = not the same, or distributed evenly Radial = design originates from central point and radiate out evenly
Rhythm
- Principle
Repetition of elements in design creating feeling of organised movement. Creates visual stimulation moving eye. Creates mood and feeling.
Emphasis
- Principle
Is the focal point, captures viewers attention, stands out from the rest. Achieved with the manipulation of elements.
Contrast & Harmony
- Principle
Contrast = unexpected, colours, shapes, lines, texture
Harmony = combines colour, shape, line, texture, consistent, blend together, create the aesthetic
