Chapter 4 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergenetics

Question 1

Bioenergenetics

Answer 1

The Study of energy in the Human Body.

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Question 3

Exercise Metabolism

Answer 3

The examination of bioenergenics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Question 4

Substrates

Answer 4

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Organic Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Question 8

Fat

Answer 8

One of the three main classes of food and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Question 9

Triglycerides

Answer 9

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

Question 10

Protein

Answer 10

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Question 11

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 11

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

Question 12

Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 12

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Question 13

Adenosine diphosphate

Answer 13

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed.

Question 14

ATP-PC System

Answer 14

The process of creating a new ATP molecule form the phosphocreatine molecule is the simplest and fastest of the energy systems and occurs without the presence of oxygen (anaerobic). This system provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.

Question 15

Glycolysis

Answer 15

Another anaerobic means of producing ATP through the chemical breakdown of glucose, a process referred to as anaerobic glycolysis. This system can produced a significantly greater amount of energy than the ATP-PC system. It is limited to approximately 30-50 seconds of duration.

Question 16

Beta-Oxidation

Answer 16

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFA’s) to convert FFA’s in to acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Question 17

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 17

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Question 18

The Oxidative System

Answer 18

The most complex of the 3 energy systems is the process that uses substrate with aid of oxygen to generate ATP. All three of the oxidative processes involved in the production of ATP involve oxygen and are thus referred to as aerobic processes.