Chapter 4-Electrons

Question 1

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 1

a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels throughout space

Question 2

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 2

all the forms of electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

what is the speed of light?

Answer 3

3.0x10^8 m/s

Question 4

wavelength

Answer 4

the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

Question 5

frequency

Answer 5

defined as the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second

Question 6

electromagnetic radiation equation

Answer 6

c=λv
c= speed of light
λ= wavelength
v=frequency

Question 7

λ and v are ________ proportional

Answer 7

inversely

Question 8

thomas young

Answer 8

showed that light appeared to exhibit a wave nature through his double slit experiment

Question 9

dual wave-particle nature

Answer 9

all EM radiation has both wavelike and particle like properties
particles also have wave-like properties

Question 10

1 Hz=

Answer 10

1 wave/second

Question 11

wavelength is ______ proportional to frequency

Answer 11

inversely

Question 12

frequency is _______ proportional to energy

Answer 12

directly

Question 13

wavelength is ________ proportional to energy

Answer 13

inversely

Question 14

planck’s constant

Answer 14

6.626x10^-34 J x s

Question 15

electrons in higher energy levels (further from the nucleus) have _______ energy

Answer 15

more

Question 16

what happens when an electron falls from a high energy to a lower one?

Answer 16

it loses energy

Question 17

if energy is added to an electron (if the electron is excited) what will it do?

Answer 17

move up an energy level

Question 18

photon

Answer 18

a particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy

Question 19

ground state

Answer 19

the lowest energy state of an atom

Question 20

excited state

Answer 20

a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state

Question 21

photoelectric effect

Answer 21

the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal

Question 22

quantum of energy

Answer 22

the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom

Question 23

Line emission spectrum

Answer 23

When a narrow beam of emitted light was shined through a prism, it was separated into the four specific colors of the visible spectrum

Question 24

Continuous spectrum

Answer 24

The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 25

Emission

Answer 25

When an electron falls to a lower energy level and emits a photon

Question 26

Absorption

Answer 26

Energy added to an atom to move an electron to a higher energy level

Question 27

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 27

It is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and the velocity of an electron or any other particle

Question 28

Quantum theory

Answer 28

Mathematically describes the wave properties of electrons and other particles

Question 29

Orbital

Answer 29

A three dimensional region around the uncles that indicates the probable location of an electron

Question 30

Quantum numbers

Answer 30

Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals

Question 31

Principle quantum number

Answer 31

Symbolized by n | Indicates the main energy level occupied by an electron

Question 32

Angular momentum quantum number

Answer 32

Symbolized by l | Indicates the shape of the orbital

Question 33

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 33

Symbolized by m | Indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus

Question 34

Spin quantum number

Answer 34

Has only two possible values: +1/2, -1/2 | Indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital

Question 35

Electron configuration

Answer 35

The arrangement if electrons in an atom

Question 36

Ground state electron configuration

Answer 36

Lowest energy arrangement of the electrons for each element

Question 37

Aufbau principle

Answer 37

An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

Question 38

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 38

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Question 39

Hund's rule

Answer 39

Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state

Question 40

Louis de broglie

Answer 40

Proposed that electrons, like light, also have a dual wave particle nature

Question 41

Emission spectra

Answer 41

Wavelengths of light that a substance emits when it's electrons are excited

Question 42

Isoelectronic

Answer 42

Same electron configuration

Question 43

Valence electrons

Answer 43

Electrons found in outermost energy level of an atom

Question 44

S subshell

Answer 44

1 orbital | 2 e- max

Question 45

P subshell

Answer 45

3 orbitals | 6 e- max

Question 46

D subshell

Answer 46

5 orbitals | 10 e- max

Question 47

F subshell

Answer 47

7 orbitals | 14 e- max

Question 48

N=1

Answer 48

``` One subshell (s) 2 e- max ```

Question 49

N=2

Answer 49

``` Two subshells (s,p) 8 e- max ```

Question 50

N=3

Answer 50

``` Three subshells (s,p,d) 18 e- max ```

Question 51

N=4

Answer 51

``` Four subshells (s,p,d,f) 32 e- max ```