Chapter 4 Definitions Rubenstein Flashcards

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1
Q

Acculturation

A

Cultural modification or change that results when one culture group or individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society; cultural development or change through “borrowing.”

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2
Q

Artifact

A

Any physical object that a culture produces.

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3
Q

Barriers to diffusion

A

Things that slow or stop the spread of an idea, innovation, people or other things.

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4
Q

Cultural convergence

A

The process by which two cultures become similar.

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5
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

The movement of culture traits from one place to another.

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6
Q

Cultural landscape

A

The cultural impacts on an area, including buildings, agricultural patterns, roads, signs and nearly everything else that humans have created.

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7
Q

Culture

A

Shared patterns of learned behavior, attitudes and knowledge.

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8
Q

Culture complex

A

A group of interrelated culture traits.

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9
Q

Culture hearth

A

An area from which important culture traits, including ideas, technology, and social structures, originated. Ancient Mesopotamia is an example.

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10
Q

Culture realm

A

Culture regions grouped into larger areas.

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11
Q

Culture region

A

An area defined by a large number of common culture traits.

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12
Q

Culture trait

A

A single component of a culture; can be a thing, an idea or a social conversion.

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13
Q

Custom

A

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.

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14
Q

Folk Culture

A

Culture traditionally practiced by a small homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

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15
Q

Foodways

A

How a culture prepares and consumes food.

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16
Q

Habit

A

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

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17
Q

Hearth

A

A place of innovative origins or where something begins.

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18
Q

Ideological subsystem

A

The ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture.

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19
Q

Innovative diffusion

A

The movement of a phenomenon from one location to another.

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20
Q

Mentifacts

A

Individual culture traits of the ideological subsystem, such as an idea.

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21
Q

Popular culture

A

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

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22
Q

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

A

Diffusion up a hierarchy, such as from small towns to large cities.

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23
Q

Social construction of space

A

The idea that society shapes the spatial nature of our world.

24
Q

Sociofact

A

The culture trait in the sociological subsystem.

25
Q

Sociological subsystem

A

The part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured.

26
Q

Taboo

A

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

27
Q

Technological subsystem

A

The material objects that a culture produces, as well as the procedures for using those objects.

28
Q

Terroir

A

The contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.

29
Q

Cultural modification or change that results when one culture group or individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society; cultural development or change through “borrowing.”

A

Acculturation

30
Q

Any physical object that a culture produces.

A

Artifact

31
Q

Things that slow or stop the spread of an idea, innovation, people or other things.

A

Barriers to diffusion

32
Q

The process by which two cultures become similar.

A

Cultural convergence

33
Q

The movement of culture traits from one place to another.

A

Cultural diffusion

34
Q

The cultural impacts on an area, including buildings, agricultural patterns, roads, signs and nearly everything else that humans have created.

A

Cultural landscape

35
Q

Shared patterns of learned behavior, attitudes and knowledge.

A

Culture

36
Q

A group of interrelated culture traits.

A

Culture complex

37
Q

An area from which important culture traits, including ideas, technology, and social structures, originated. Ancient Mesopotamia is an example.

A

Culture hearth

38
Q

Culture regions grouped into larger areas.

A

Culture realm

39
Q

An area defined by a large number of common culture traits.

A

Culture region

40
Q

A single component of a culture; can be a thing, an idea or a social conversion.

A

Culture trait

41
Q

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.

A

Custom

42
Q

Culture traditionally practiced by a small homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

A

Folk Culture

43
Q

How a culture prepares and consumes food.

A

Foodways

44
Q

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

A

Habit

45
Q

A place of innovative origins or where something begins.

A

Hearth

46
Q

The ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture.

A

Ideological subsystem

47
Q

The movement of a phenomenon from one location to another.

A

Innovative diffusion

48
Q

Individual culture traits of the ideological subsystem, such as an idea.

A

Mentifacts

49
Q

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

A

Popular culture

50
Q

Diffusion up a hierarchy, such as from small towns to large cities.

A

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

51
Q

The idea that society shapes the spatial nature of our world.

A

Social construction of space

52
Q

The culture trait in the sociological subsystem.

A

Sociofact

53
Q

The part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured.

A

Sociological subsystem

54
Q

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

A

Taboo

55
Q

The material objects that a culture produces, as well as the procedures for using those objects.

A

Technological subsystem

56
Q

The contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.

A

Terroir