Chapter 4 Definitions Rubenstein

Question 1

Acculturation

Answer 1

Cultural modification or change that results when one culture group or individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society; cultural development or change through “borrowing.”

Question 2

Artifact

Answer 2

Any physical object that a culture produces.

Question 3

Barriers to diffusion

Answer 3

Things that slow or stop the spread of an idea, innovation, people or other things.

Question 4

Cultural convergence

Answer 4

The process by which two cultures become similar.

Question 5

Cultural diffusion

Answer 5

The movement of culture traits from one place to another.

Question 6

Cultural landscape

Answer 6

The cultural impacts on an area, including buildings, agricultural patterns, roads, signs and nearly everything else that humans have created.

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

Shared patterns of learned behavior, attitudes and knowledge.

Question 8

Culture complex

Answer 8

A group of interrelated culture traits.

Question 9

Culture hearth

Answer 9

An area from which important culture traits, including ideas, technology, and social structures, originated. Ancient Mesopotamia is an example.

Question 10

Culture realm

Answer 10

Culture regions grouped into larger areas.

Question 11

Culture region

Answer 11

An area defined by a large number of common culture traits.

Question 12

Culture trait

Answer 12

A single component of a culture; can be a thing, an idea or a social conversion.

Question 13

Custom

Answer 13

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.

Question 14

Folk Culture

Answer 14

Culture traditionally practiced by a small homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

Question 15

Foodways

Answer 15

How a culture prepares and consumes food.

Question 16

Habit

Answer 16

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

Question 17

Hearth

Answer 17

A place of innovative origins or where something begins.

Question 18

Ideological subsystem

Answer 18

The ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture.

Question 19

Innovative diffusion

Answer 19

The movement of a phenomenon from one location to another.

Question 20

Mentifacts

Answer 20

Individual culture traits of the ideological subsystem, such as an idea.

Question 21

Popular culture

Answer 21

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Question 22

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

Answer 22

Diffusion up a hierarchy, such as from small towns to large cities.

Question 23

Social construction of space

Answer 23

The idea that society shapes the spatial nature of our world.

Question 24

Sociofact

Answer 24

The culture trait in the sociological subsystem.

Question 25

Sociological subsystem

Answer 25

The part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured.

Question 26

Taboo

Answer 26

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

Question 27

Technological subsystem

Answer 27

The material objects that a culture produces, as well as the procedures for using those objects.

Question 28

Terroir

Answer 28

The contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.

Question 29

Cultural modification or change that results when one culture group or individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society; cultural development or change through “borrowing.”

Answer 29

Acculturation

Question 30

Any physical object that a culture produces.

Answer 30

Artifact

Question 31

Things that slow or stop the spread of an idea, innovation, people or other things.

Answer 31

Barriers to diffusion

Question 32

The process by which two cultures become similar.

Answer 32

Cultural convergence

Question 33

The movement of culture traits from one place to another.

Answer 33

Cultural diffusion

Question 34

The cultural impacts on an area, including buildings, agricultural patterns, roads, signs and nearly everything else that humans have created.

Answer 34

Cultural landscape

Question 35

Shared patterns of learned behavior, attitudes and knowledge.

Answer 35

Culture

Question 36

A group of interrelated culture traits.

Answer 36

Culture complex

Question 37

An area from which important culture traits, including ideas, technology, and social structures, originated. Ancient Mesopotamia is an example.

Answer 37

Culture hearth

Question 38

Culture regions grouped into larger areas.

Answer 38

Culture realm

Question 39

An area defined by a large number of common culture traits.

Answer 39

Culture region

Question 40

A single component of a culture; can be a thing, an idea or a social conversion.

Answer 40

Culture trait

Question 41

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.

Answer 41

Custom

Question 42

Culture traditionally practiced by a small homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

Answer 42

Folk Culture

Question 43

How a culture prepares and consumes food.

Answer 43

Foodways

Question 44

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

Answer 44

Habit

Question 45

A place of innovative origins or where something begins.

Answer 45

Hearth

Question 46

The ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture.

Answer 46

Ideological subsystem

Question 47

The movement of a phenomenon from one location to another.

Answer 47

Innovative diffusion

Question 48

Individual culture traits of the ideological subsystem, such as an idea.

Answer 48

Mentifacts

Question 49

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Answer 49

Popular culture

Question 50

Diffusion up a hierarchy, such as from small towns to large cities.

Answer 50

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

Question 51

The idea that society shapes the spatial nature of our world.

Answer 51

Social construction of space

Question 52

The culture trait in the sociological subsystem.

Answer 52

Sociofact

Question 53

The part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured.

Answer 53

Sociological subsystem

Question 54

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

Answer 54

Taboo

Question 55

The material objects that a culture produces, as well as the procedures for using those objects.

Answer 55

Technological subsystem

Question 56

The contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.

Answer 56

Terroir