Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Geography AP Chapter Definitons > Chapter 1 Definitions Rubenstein > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Definitions Rubenstein Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

A chain of communication that connects places.

A

Network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

A

Parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

A

Transnational Corporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes and displays geographic data.

A

Geographic Information System (GIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

A

Cultural ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

A

Environmental determinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value.

A

Housing bubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located

A

Mental map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.

A

Place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access and is socially acceptable to use.

A

Resource

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers.

A

Global Positioning System (GPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A system used to transfer locations from Earth?s surface to a flat map.

A

Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation Earth?s surface or a portion of it.

A

Map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abiotic

A

Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Actions or process that involved the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

A

Globalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.

A

Biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

All of the water on and near the Earth?s surface.

A

Hydrosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationship among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

A

Regional (cultural landscape) studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.

A

Meridian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An arc that for the most part follows the 180 degree longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward the Americas), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west, toward Asia, the calendar moves ahead one day.

A

International Date Line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.

A

Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

A

Formal (uniform or homogeneous) region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An area organized around a node or focal point. It has a use. e.g. Electricity, Water, Natural Gas

A

Functional (nodal) region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

A

Vernacular (perceptual) region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Atmosphere

A

The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Biosphere

A

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Biotic

A

Composed of living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cartography

A

The science of making maps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Climate

A

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Composed of living organisms.

A

Biotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter.

A

Abiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of something over a given area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Connection

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Conservation

A

The sustainable management of a natural resource.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cultural ecology

A

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cultural landscape

A

The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Culture

A

The body of customary beliefs, social forms and material traits that together constitute a group?s distinct tradition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Distance decay

A

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of something across the Earth?s surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Earth’s crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust.

A

Lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of ecosystems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Ecosystem

A

The group of living organisms and abiotic spheres with which they interact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Environmental determinism

A

A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Formal (uniform or homogeneous) region

A

An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Functional (nodal) region

A

An area organized around a node or focal point. It has a use. e.g. Electricity, Water, Natural Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

A

Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

A

The development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes and displays geographic data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Globalization

A

Actions or process that involved the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

A

The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude.

56
Q

Hearth

A

The region from which innovative ideas originate.

57
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.

58
Q

Housing bubble

A

A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value.

59
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All of the water on and near the Earth?s surface.

60
Q

International Date Line

A

An arc that for the most part follows the 180 degree longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward the Americas), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west, toward Asia, the calendar moves ahead one day.

61
Q

Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.

A

Polder

62
Q

Latitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.

63
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earth?s crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust.

64
Q

Location

A

The position of anything on Earth?s surface.

65
Q

Longitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian.

66
Q

Map

A

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation Earth?s surface or a portion of it.

67
Q

Map scale

A

The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth?s surface.

68
Q

Mental map

A

A representation of a portion of Earth?s surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located

69
Q

Meridian

A

An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.

70
Q

Network

A

A chain of communication that connects places.

71
Q

Nonrenewable resource

A

Something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.

72
Q

Parallel

A

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

73
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.

74
Q

Place

A

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.

75
Q

Polder

A

Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.

76
Q

Possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

77
Q

Preservation

A

The maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible.

78
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

79
Q

Projection

A

A system used to transfer locations from Earth?s surface to a flat map.

80
Q

Region

A

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.

81
Q

Regional (cultural landscape) studies

A

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationship among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

82
Q

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

A

Connection

83
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

84
Q

Remote sensing

A

The acquisition of data about Earth?s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods.

85
Q

Renewable resource

A

Something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

86
Q

Resource

A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access and is socially acceptable to use.

87
Q

Scale

A

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

88
Q

Site

A

This physical characteristic of a place.

89
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to another place.

90
Q

Something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

A

Renewable resource

91
Q

Something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.

A

Nonrenewable resource

92
Q

Space

A

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

93
Q

Space-time compression

A

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.

94
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

95
Q

Sustainability

A

The use of Earth?s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.

96
Q

The acquisition of data about Earth?s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods.

A

Remote sensing

97
Q

The arrangement of something across the Earth?s surface.

A

Distribution

98
Q

The body of customary beliefs, social forms and material traits that together constitute a group?s distinct tradition.

A

Culture

99
Q

The development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

A

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

100
Q

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

A

Distance decay

101
Q

The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

A

Cultural landscape

102
Q

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

A

Density

103
Q

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.

A

Pattern

104
Q

The group of living organisms and abiotic spheres with which they interact.

A

Ecosystem

105
Q

The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of globalization of the economy.

A

Uneven development

106
Q

The location of a place relative to another place.

A

Situation

107
Q

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location.

A

Climate

108
Q

The maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible.

A

Preservation

109
Q

The meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

A

Prime Meridian

110
Q

The name given to a portion of Earth?s surface.

A

Toponym

111
Q

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian.

A

Longitude

112
Q

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.

A

Latitude

113
Q

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

A

Space

114
Q

The position of anything on Earth?s surface.

A

Location

115
Q

The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another.

A

Diffusion

116
Q

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

A

Contagious diffusion

117
Q

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.

A

Space-time compression

118
Q

The region from which innovative ideas originate.

A

Hearth

119
Q

The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth?s surface.

A

Map scale

120
Q

The science of making maps.

A

Cartography

121
Q

The scientific study of ecosystems.

A

Ecology

122
Q

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.

A

Expansion diffusion

123
Q

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.

A

Hierarchical diffusion

124
Q

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

A

Relocation diffusion

125
Q

The spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

A

Stimulus diffusion

126
Q

The spread of something over a given area.

A

Concentration

127
Q

The sustainable management of a natural resource.

A

Conservation

128
Q

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

A

Possibilism

129
Q

The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.

A

Atmosphere

130
Q

The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude.

A

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

131
Q

The use of Earth?s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.

A

Sustainability

132
Q

This physical characteristic of a place.

A

Site

133
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a portion of Earth?s surface.

134
Q

Transnational Corporation

A

A company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

135
Q

Uneven development

A

The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of globalization of the economy.

136
Q

Vernacular (perceptual) region

A

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

137
Q
A

Human Geography AP Chapter Definitons (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions