Chapter 4; Definition Questions

Question 1

Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles.

Answer 1

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 2

A single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 2

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 3

One of the liquids found inside cells.

Answer 3

Cytosol

Question 4

Are macromolecule machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis.

Answer 4

Ribosome

Question 5

Small, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs a specific function, similar to how organs function in the body.

Answer 5

Organelle

Question 6

The membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from outside environment.

Answer 6

Plasma Membrane

Question 7

Are long, filamentous protein structures on the surface of bacterial cells that help bacteria bind to specific receptor structures and colonize the surface.

Answer 7

Fimbriae

Question 8

A hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores, and form a wide range of microorganisms to provide mobility.

Answer 8

Flagellum

Question 9

The central part of a cell, an atom, or group of people or things.

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Separates the cell into different compartments, or organelles, such as the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes.

Answer 10

Endomembrane System

Question 11

A structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

Answer 11

Vesicle

Question 12

A part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is made-up of regions that lack ribosomes.

Answer 12

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 13

A network of tubules, sacs and cisternae that’s found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 13

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 14

A cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, essentially proteins designed to be exported from the cell.

Answer 14

Golgi Apparatus

Question 15

Organelles in eukaryotic cells that contain digestive enzymes that break down biological polymers.

Answer 15

Lysosome

Question 16

A membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacteria cells.

Answer 16

Vacuole

Question 17

A membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 17

Mitochondrion

Question 18

A membrane-bound organelle that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plants and algal cells.

Answer 18

Chloroplast

Question 19

A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them space and coherence.

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton

Question 20

Hollow tubes made of proteins alpha and beta tubulin.

Answer 20

Microtubules

Question 21

Thin protein filaments made of actin that are part of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 21

Microfilaments

Question 22

The structures that form a network around the nucleus and extend to the periphery of the cell.

Answer 22

Intermediate Filaments

Question 23

Are intracellular organelles found only in plant and algal cells.

Answer 23

Plasmodesmata

Question 24

A gel-like mixture of water, proteins and sugars that supports and regulates tissue and organs.

Answer 24

Extracellular Matrix

Question 25

Where the membranes of two adjacent cells joined together to form a barrier.

Answer 25

Tight Junctions

Question 26

Cell junctions that connect adjacent cells in tissues exposed to mechanical forces.

Answer 26

Desmosomes

Question 27

Tiny tunnels that connect cells and let them share molecules and signals.

Answer 27

Gap Junctions