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Cell Biology > Chapter 2; Definition Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 2; Definition Questions Flashcards

The Chemical Context of Life

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1
Q

Which is anything that takes up space and has mass.

A

Matter

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2
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.

A

Element

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3
Q

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

A

Molecule

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4
Q

A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.

A

Compound

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5
Q

An organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce.

A

Essential Elements

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6
Q

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.

A

Atom

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7
Q

Electrically neutral.

A

Neutron

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8
Q

One unit of positive charge.

A

Proton

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9
Q

One unit of negative charge.

A

Electron

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10
Q

Number of protons.

A

Atomic Number

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11
Q

Total mass of an atom.

A

Atomic Mass

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12
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Mass Number

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13
Q

Different atomic forms of the same element.

A

Isotopes

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14
Q

A characteristic average distance and energy level.

A

Electron Shell

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15
Q

Outer electron.

A

Valence Electron

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16
Q

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.

A

Covalent Bond

17
Q

In a covalent bond between two atoms of the same element, the electrons are shared equally because the two atoms have the same electronegativity.

A

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

18
Q

When an atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons of the bond are not shared equally.

A

Polar Covalent Bond

19
Q

two resulting oppositely charged atoms or molecules.

A

Ion

20
Q

Because of their opposite charges, cations and anions attract each other.

A

Ionic Bond

21
Q

Noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom.

A

Hydrogen Bond

22
Q

The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter.

A

Chemical Reaction

23
Q

The hydrogen bonds hold the substance together.

A

Cohesion

24
Q

The clinging of one substance to another.

A

Adhesion

25
Q

A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

A

Solution

26
Q

The substance that is dissolved.

A

Solute

27
Q

The dissolving agent of a solution.

A

Solvent

28
Q

To repel water.

A

Hydrophobic

29
Q

Any substance that has an affinity for water.

A

Hydrophilic

30
Q

Is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

A

Acid

31
Q

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

A

Base

32
Q

A solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

A

pH

33
Q

A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution.

A

Buffer

Cell Biology (13 decks)

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