Chapter 2; Vocab Questions

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Which is anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.

Question 5

Essential Elements

Answer 5

An organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce.

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.

Question 7

Neutron

Answer 7

Electrically neutral.

Question 8

Proton

Answer 8

One unit of positive charge.

Question 9

Electron

Answer 9

One unit of negative charge.

Question 10

Atomic Number

Answer 10

Number of protons.

Question 11

Atomic Mass

Answer 11

Total mass of an atom.

Question 12

Mass Number

Answer 12

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 13

Isotopes

Answer 13

Different atomic forms of the same element.

Question 14

Electron Shell

Answer 14

A characteristic average distance and energy level.

Question 15

Valence Electron

Answer 15

Outer electron.

Question 16

Covalent Bond

Answer 16

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.

Question 17

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 17

In a covalent bond between two atoms of the same element, the electrons are shared equally because the two atoms have the same electronegativity.

Question 18

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 18

When an atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons of the bond are not shared equally.

Question 19

Ion

Answer 19

two resulting oppositely charged atoms or molecules.

Question 20

Ionic Bond

Answer 20

Because of their opposite charges, cations and anions attract each other.

Question 21

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 21

Noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom.

Question 22

Chemical Reaction

Answer 22

The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter.

Question 23

Cohesion

Answer 23

The hydrogen bonds hold the substance together.

Question 24

Adhesion

Answer 24

The clinging of one substance to another.

Question 25

Solution

Answer 25

A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 26

Solute

Answer 26

The substance that is dissolved.

Question 27

Solvent

Answer 27

The dissolving agent of a solution.

Question 28

Hydrophobic

Answer 28

To repel water.

Question 29

Hydrophilic

Answer 29

Any substance that has an affinity for water.

Question 30

Acid

Answer 30

Is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 31

Base

Answer 31

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 32

pH

Answer 32

A solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 33

Buffer

Answer 33

A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution.