Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Biology > Chapter 3; Definition Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 3; Definition Questions Flashcards

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements.

A

Organic Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A chemical compound that lacks carbon-hydrogen bonds.

A

Inorganic Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.

A

Macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

A

Hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula (Same number of atoms of each element).

A

Isomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A substituents or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecules characteristic chemical reactions.

A

Functional Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.

A

Polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or 3-D network in a process called polymerization.

A

Monomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proteins that act as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions.

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecular or ion.

A

Dehydration Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1.

A

Carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The simplest (one) carbohydrates.

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.

A

Disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The most abundant carbohydrates found in food.

A

Polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A complex carbohydrate that is a natural component of many plants.

A

Starch

17
Q

The stored form of glucose that’s made-up of many connected glucose molecules.

A

Glycogen

18
Q

A molecule, consisting of hundreds- and sometimes even thousands- of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

A

Cellulose

19
Q

A tough semitransparent polysaccharide (sugar molecule) that is a key component of the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects, and the cell walls of some fungi and algal.

A

Chitin

20
Q

Fatty, waxy or oily compounds that are a key structural component of living cells.

A

Lipid

21
Q

The building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.

A

Fatty acid

22
Q

A form of body tissue on animals.

A

Fat

23
Q

A type of fat that is solid at room temperature and comes from animal products and tropical oils.

A

Saturated fatty acid

24
Q

One or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

25
Q

Compounds lipids, consisting of phosphoric acids, nitrogen base, alcohol and fatty acids.

A

Phospholipids

26
Q

An organic compound with four fused rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

A

Steroid

27
Q

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

A

Cholesterol

28
Q

They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source.

A

Protein

29
Q

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

A

Amino acid

30
Q

Short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

A

Polypeptide

31
Q

Are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.

A

Nucleic acid

32
Q

A molecule that is the fundamental building block of DNA and RNA, the nucleic acids that carry genetic information in cells.

A

Nucleotide

33
Q

A molecule that contains the genetic information that helps organisms grow, develop and pass on their traits to future generations.

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

34
Q

A polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions. To create proteins via translation.

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

35
Q

Arrangement of two parallel structures in opposite orientations.

A

Antiparallel

Cell Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions