Chapter 4: Crime control, prevention and punishment

Question 1

What do Right Realists focus on in crime prevention?

Answer 1

Emphasize the individual

People choose to commit crime because benefits outweigh the costs

Question 2

What do Left Realists focus on in crime prevention?

Answer 2

Focus on organization of society that creates poverty/ deprivation

Question 3

What are the criticisms of the left realist view on crime prevention?

Answer 3

Soft on crime- downplay role of offender

Doesn’t explain why majority of people facing social problems do not commit crime

Ignores white collar/ corporate/ state crime

Question 4

What are the criticisms of the right realist view of crime prevention?

Answer 4

Doesn’t pay attention to catching criminals or punishments

Displacement

Question 5

What does CLARKE say about situational crime prevention?

Answer 5

Pre-emptive approach that relies on reducing opportunities for crime

Question 6

How does CHAIKEN evaluate situational crime prevention?

Answer 6

Found when crackdown on subway robberies at night…

… criminals moved to attack in daytime

Question 7

What was WILSON Broken Window theory?

Answer 7

Any sign of disorder, leaving broken windows unrepaired ends signal that no one cares

Absence of social control- leads to crime

Question 8

What is the left realist approach to crime prevention?

Answer 8

Aims to remove the conditions that make individuals commit crime

Education programmes focused on inner-city comprehensives to reduce exclusion and improve qualifications

Question 9

What was the Perry-Pre school project?

Answer 9

3 & 4 yr old Afro-American: control and helped group

Parenting programme and mentoring children

By 40: 91% had fewer lifetime arrests

For every $1 spent on programme, $17 was saved

Question 10

Who described prisons as universities of crime?

Answer 10

Matthews

Question 11

Which sociologist is associated with positive victimology?

Answer 11

Tierney

Question 12

Who is associated with the idea of panoptical prisons?

Answer 12

Foucault

Question 13

How many CCTV cameras are there in the UK in relation to people?

Answer 13

1 camera for every 11 people

Question 14

What does LYON say about surveillance?

Answer 14

It has become a routine and unavoidable part of everyday life

Increase surveillance acts as a deterrent to deal with crime

Question 15

What does FOUCAULT say about surveillance?

Answer 15

It is a means of monitoring, controlling and changing the behaviour of criminals
(fear of being watched)

This represents a new type of ‘disciplinary power’

Used to control the working class

Question 16

What is the functionalist approach to punishment?

Answer 16

DURKHEIM

Outlet for public anger

Reaffirms boundaries

Re-establishes social order

Question 17

What is the Marxist approach to punishment according to Althusser?

Answer 17

Means of R/C to keep the population in line (R/C ideology)

Question 18

How does MATHEWS evaluate prisons?

Answer 18

Rather than reducing crime, prisons act as universities of crime
= prisoners learn more criminal behaviours from other prisoners

Prisons act as univeristies

Question 19

What is positivist victimology?

Answer 19

Focus on identifying patterns and trends across social groups to identify a typical victim

Question 20

What is the criticism of positivist victimology?

Answer 20

Blames victim for characteristic they posses result of crime

(e.g. revealing clothing with rape)

Question 21

What is critical victimology?

Answer 21

How structural factors affect whether you are a victim or not

Positivists ignore structural factors (deprivation)

Marxists: W/C victims
Feminists: female victims due to patriarchy

Question 22

What does LEA & YOUNG say about critical victimology?

Answer 22

Criticise CSEW as it misses groups such as the homeless who are 12x more likely to be victims of crime

They have no home address

Question 23

What do Marxists say about victimology?

Answer 23

Argue general public are often unaware they have been a victim of crime committed by those with power

No questions about this type of crime in CSEW

Question 24

How is Grenfell Tower an example of victimology?

Answer 24

Corporate crime - business put cladding in

Victims = people living in tower

Question 25

What did RUSHE say with the Marxist explanation of punishment?

Answer 25

Punishment is an integral part of class struggle

It assists the bourgeoisie in their efforts to materially dominate the W/C

Question 26

What does GORDON say about the function of punishment?

Answer 26

Convinces the W/C that criminals are failed individuals so capitalism is not seen as the cause of their offending

Maintains false class consciousness so the W/C don’t revolt