Chapter 4: Crime control, prevention and punishment Flashcards
What do Right Realists focus on in crime prevention?
Emphasize the individual
People choose to commit crime because benefits outweigh the costs
What do Left Realists focus on in crime prevention?
Focus on organization of society that creates poverty/ deprivation
What are the criticisms of the left realist view on crime prevention?
Soft on crime- downplay role of offender
Doesn’t explain why majority of people facing social problems do not commit crime
Ignores white collar/ corporate/ state crime
What are the criticisms of the right realist view of crime prevention?
Doesn’t pay attention to catching criminals or punishments
Displacement
What does CLARKE say about situational crime prevention?
Pre-emptive approach that relies on reducing opportunities for crime
How does CHAIKEN evaluate situational crime prevention?
Found when crackdown on subway robberies at night…
… criminals moved to attack in daytime
What was WILSON Broken Window theory?
Any sign of disorder, leaving broken windows unrepaired ends signal that no one cares
Absence of social control- leads to crime
What is the left realist approach to crime prevention?
Aims to remove the conditions that make individuals commit crime
Education programmes focused on inner-city comprehensives to reduce exclusion and improve qualifications
What was the Perry-Pre school project?
3 & 4 yr old Afro-American: control and helped group
Parenting programme and mentoring children
By 40: 91% had fewer lifetime arrests
For every $1 spent on programme, $17 was saved
Who described prisons as universities of crime?
Matthews
Which sociologist is associated with positive victimology?
Tierney
Who is associated with the idea of panoptical prisons?
Foucault
How many CCTV cameras are there in the UK in relation to people?
1 camera for every 11 people
What does LYON say about surveillance?
It has become a routine and unavoidable part of everyday life
Increase surveillance acts as a deterrent to deal with crime
What does FOUCAULT say about surveillance?
It is a means of monitoring, controlling and changing the behaviour of criminals
(fear of being watched)
This represents a new type of ‘disciplinary power’
Used to control the working class
What is the functionalist approach to punishment?
DURKHEIM
Outlet for public anger
Reaffirms boundaries
Re-establishes social order
What is the Marxist approach to punishment according to Althusser?
Means of R/C to keep the population in line (R/C ideology)
How does MATHEWS evaluate prisons?
Rather than reducing crime, prisons act as universities of crime
= prisoners learn more criminal behaviours from other prisoners
Prisons act as univeristies
What is positivist victimology?
Focus on identifying patterns and trends across social groups to identify a typical victim
What is the criticism of positivist victimology?
Blames victim for characteristic they posses result of crime
(e.g. revealing clothing with rape)
What is critical victimology?
How structural factors affect whether you are a victim or not
Positivists ignore structural factors (deprivation)
Marxists: W/C victims
Feminists: female victims due to patriarchy
What does LEA & YOUNG say about critical victimology?
Criticise CSEW as it misses groups such as the homeless who are 12x more likely to be victims of crime
They have no home address
What do Marxists say about victimology?
Argue general public are often unaware they have been a victim of crime committed by those with power
No questions about this type of crime in CSEW
How is Grenfell Tower an example of victimology?
Corporate crime - business put cladding in
Victims = people living in tower
What did RUSHE say with the Marxist explanation of punishment?
Punishment is an integral part of class struggle
It assists the bourgeoisie in their efforts to materially dominate the W/C
What does GORDON say about the function of punishment?
Convinces the W/C that criminals are failed individuals so capitalism is not seen as the cause of their offending
Maintains false class consciousness so the W/C don’t revolt
