Chapter 1: Ethnicity and crime Flashcards
What percentage of 15-18yr old males in prison were from ethnic minorities in2015?
40%
What percentage of prisoners in 2015 were from ethnic minorities?
25%
How did MORRIS explain the number of ethnic minorities in prison?
EM groups contain disproportionate high number of young people
Not surprising that there’s high number of black people in prison due to disproportionate number of EM young people
How does PHILLIPS & BOWLING explain the number of ethnic minorities in prison?
EM are subjected to over-policing
2015- EM are 4.2 times more likely to get stopped than white
How did Interpretivist, HOLDAWAY explain the number of ethnic minorities in prison?
Stop and search influenced by negative stereotyping by police
(canteen culture)
What were the stop and search rates in 2019?
Black 9x more likely to be stop and searched than white
How did CASHMORE use Merton’s study to explain the levels of crime amongst EM?
Young Afro-Caribbean encouraged to pursue material success but face cultural opposition
-racism, poor education, unemployment, blocked opportunities
Experience anomie, and turn to street crime (innovation)
Reject white society, its failed to give them opportunities
How does SHARP & BUDD explain the number of ethnic minorities in prison?
EM have lower offence levels- more likely to be arrested, convicted, imprisoned
EM more likely to be charged rather than cautioned
How does HOOD explain the number of ethnic minorities in prison?
EM more likely to receive custodial sentences than white for same offences
How does Left Realist, LEA & YOUNG explain the number of ethnic minorities in prison?
Feel relatively deprived compared to white Britons due to discrimination experienced when applying for jobs and lower wages
Feel anger and marginalized
Anger channelled by joining subcultures
How does Left Realist, SEWELL explain the number of ethnic minorities in prison?
Identifies 3 risk factors responsible for high levels of crime
- Absence of male role models
- Feel cannot relate to society
- Influenced by material success advertised in media
Leads to joining subcultures
What was the case of STEPHEN LAWRENCE?
Black man stabbed to death by white youths
Black friend first suspect
New suspects taken to crime scene- shoes already covered in blood but suspects claimed it was from 2nd crime scene experience
What did the McPHERSON report state?
Found evidence for police service being institutionally racist
New laws:
- Duty on police bodies to promote equality
- Someone can be tried more than once for same crime
Who suggested that ethnic minorities are over policed and under protected?
Phillips and Browning
How many more times are black people more likely to be arrested than white?
3x more likely to be arrested than white suspects
