Chapter 3: Globalization and crime in contemporary society Flashcards
What percentage of TV is crime related?
25%
What does MADEL say about the media crime?
Media over focuses on crime
-Makes it bigger deal than it is
What does DITTON and DUFFY say about media and crime with sexual assult?
46% of media reports were about violent or sexual crimes despite them only accounting for 3% of crime
What were FELSON’S media fallacies?
Media reporting reinforces:
Age fallacy- all age groups are involved in crime
Class fallacy- M/C more likely to be victims
Dramatic fallacy- media focuses on most violent crime
What are some examples of moral panics?
Knife crime- current
Islamic terrorism- 2000s
HIV and aids- 1980
What is the functionalist view on moral panics?
Society responds to anomie brought about by social change
Uphold social solidarity
What does COHEN say moral panics could result in?
They can cause ‘deviancy amplification’
What does Neo-Marxist HALL say about moral panics?
Capitalist state uses moral panics to divert attention from mismanagement of capitalism
Including wealth and income inequalities
What is the Left realist viewpoint on moral panics?
They reflect real concerns of marginalised groups
Often a very real threat
Has real negative outcomes
What do Marxists believe about the effect of media representation in crime?
Plays ideological role in society
Presents skewed picture to justify present system
What does MARHIA say about the effect of media representation in crime?
Offences reported were ‘outdoors’ by ‘monstrous’ bestial deviant strangers who use ‘extreme violence’ to overpower victims
-Only 13% rapes take place outdoors
What does COHEN say about moral panics?
Folk devils- are groups of deviants
Deviancy amplification = exaggeration in media
Media entrepreneurs react to media reports and condemn group
Leads to others copying behaviour and further disturbances
What do interactionists say about crime in the media?
The news is socially constructed and depends on the values of news agencies and journalists
What does JEWKES say about the media as a possible cause of crime?
New types of media have led to new types of crime
- Cybercrime
- NHS attack in 2017
What is the Hyperdermic syringe model?
Suggests there is a direct link between real life violence and anti-social behaviour in films
What did HELD ET AL say about globalisation?
Globalisation has led to the spread of transnational organised crime
Creates new opportunities for existing crime
Creates new ways of committing crime
How much is globalisation of crime worth a year?
£1 trillion
Why are global crimes difficult to police?
International laws are ill defined and international criminal justice agencies don’t have powers to pursue global crimes
Co-operation between international is hindered by conflict
What did SOUTH say about primary and secondary green crime?
Primary crime- direct result of deconstruction and degradation of the planets resources
(air pollution, deforestation, animal abuse)
Secondary crime- crimes that are a result of flouting existing laws and regulations
(dumping toxic waste, breaches of health and safety)
What did BECK say about green crimes?
Due to globalisation green crimes are on the increase
Globalisation led to demand for good so big multinational companies take risks to meet demand
What are some examples of green crime?
Chernobyl
BP oil spill
What did WHITE say about the victims of green crimes?
W/C people in developed countries are most likely to be victims of green crimes
At greatest risk from environmental pollution
Why is it difficult to police green crime?
Very few local/ international laws governing state of environment
International laws are difficult to construct
Laws that exist shaped by powerful capitalist interests
What does Marxist SNIDER say about green crime?
States are reluctant to pass laws and regulations against pollution and harm by private companies unless pressured to do so by the public
How does CHAMBLISS define state crime affecting domestic law?
Acts defined by law as criminal and committed by state officials in pursuit of jobs representative of the states
How does ROTHE & MULLINS define state crime thorough international law?
State crime is an action by or on behalf of a state that violates international law and a states own domestic law
What is the definition of state crime through human rights by SCHWNDINGER?
State crime should be defend as a violation of people’s basic human rights by the state and their agents.
What is an example of state crime through domestic law?
MP expenses scandal
What is an example of state crime through international law?
Holocaust
What are 2 examples of political state crime?
Political corruption-
Boris Johnson, promising things
Political censorship-
Iraq war, weapons of mass distruction
What is economic state crime?
Official violations of heath and safety laws
Economic policies which cause harm to the citizen
What is an example of economic state crime?
Chernobyl nuclear reactor
What are some examples of social and cultural state crimes?
ISIS destruction of churches in Afghan
Stephen Lawrence case
Why is the culture of denial important in state crime according to COHEN?
Spiral of state denial
- It didn’t happen
- If it did happen, it is something else
- Even if it is what it is, its justified
Who suggested that the global criminal economy is worth over $1 trillion a year?
Castells
What is meant by the anthropocentric approach to green crime?
Humans can exploit the environment
How did Green and Ward define state crime?
Crime against state or by state agencies
What does GLENNY say about crime and globalisation?
Globalized crime operates in the same way as any other business
Zones of production and distribution mainly found in developing world - characterised by ‘violence and bloodshed’
What does BOX say about globalisation and crime?
Global crime is committed by powerful people
They can ensure no laws exist to criminalize their activities
