Chapter 1: Gender and crime

Question 1

What did POLLACK say about feminism and crime?

Answer 1

Police culture is paternalistic and sexist
Females don’t fit criminal stereotype

Women more secretive/ subversive so better at getting away with crime

‘Chivalry factor’
Men don’t like to accuse women

Question 2

What did HEIDENSOHN say about feminism and crime?

Answer 2

Court treat women more harshly than men for deviating from their gender role

‘Double deviancy’
(e.g. child abuse)

Question 3

What percentage of offenders found guilty of committing a crime are male?

Answer 3

80%-90%

Question 4

What percentage women are likely to be convicted during their lifetime?

Answer 4

8% of women

Question 5

What did SMART & OAKLEY say about differential socialisation and crime?

Answer 5

Males socialised to be aggressive, individualistic and more inclined to commit crime

Question 6

What did LEONARD say about differential socialisation and crime?

Answer 6

Women socialised into being more compassionate and empathetic which deters them from committing crime.

Question 7

What did McROBBIE & GARBER say about differential controls and crime?

Answer 7

Finds that girls socialise in bedrooms as opposed to public places, where men more likely to socialise.

-Girls not likely to commit crime in bedroom

Question 8

What crimes do women tend to be associated with according to WALKGATE?

Answer 8

Prostitution & shoplifting

Motivated by economic necessity

Question 9

What reason did MESSERSCHMIDT give for why men commit crime?

Answer 9

Men are socialised into hegemonic masculinity

Needs to acquire respect from others
Having power and toughness
Objectification of women and promiscuity

Question 10

What reason does post-modernist KATZ give for why men commit crime?

Answer 10

More men commit crime for thrill due to risk of being caught.

Question 11

What reason does post-modernism LYNG give for why men commit crime?

Answer 11

Most crime is edgework (living on edge), potential dangers of being caught is exciting.

Question 12

Who suggested that the criminal justice system is more lenient towards women?

Answer 12

Pollak

Question 13

Which theory does POLLAK offer for the differences in rates of offending between genders?

Answer 13

Chivalry Thesis

Question 14

What does A. COHEN suggest is the cause of male crime?

Answer 14

Absence of male role model

Question 15

In 2013, what percentage of the prison population in the UK were female?

Answer 15

5%

Question 16

Who was Rosemary West?

Answer 16

Most notorious female mass killer

Murder of 10 young girls (including stepdaughter)

Jailed for life

Worked with husband Fred who killed 2 more

Question 17

What did HOOD say about gender and crime?

Answer 17

Women were 1/3 less likely to commit crime

Question 18

Which sociologist is associated with masculinity theory?

Answer 18

Messerschmidt

Question 19

Who suggested that women commit less crime than men due to a lack of opportunity?

Answer 19

Dunscombe & Marsden