Chapter 4 - consciousness Flashcards
consciousness
the state of being aware of oneself ones thoughts and/or the environment includes various levels of conscious awareness
cognitive psychology
the scientific study of mental processes such as thinking problem solving and language
automatic processing
collection and sometimes storage of information without conscious effort or awareness
selective attention
the ability to focus awareness on a small segment of information that is available through our sensory system
circadian rhythm
the daily patterns roughly following the 24 hour cycle of daylight and darkness a 24 hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning
beta waves
brain waves that indicate an alert awake state
alpha waves
brain waves that indicate a relaxed drowsy state
non rapid eye movement
the nondreaming sleep state that occurs during sleep stages N1-N3
theta waves
brain waves that indicate light sleep
delta waves
brain waves that indicate a deep sleep
rapid eye movement
the stage of sleep that is associated with dreaming; sleep characterized by bursts of eye movements, with brain activity similar to that of a waking state but with a lack of muscle tone
narcolepsy
a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which includes lapses into sleep and napping
REM sleep behavior disorder
a sleep disturbance in which the mechanism responsible for paralyzing the body during REM sleep is not functioning, resulting in the acting out of dreams
obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
a serious disturbance of non-REM sleep characterized by absence of airflow or reduced air flow
insomnia
sleep disturbance characterized by an inability to fall asleep or stay asleep impacting both the quality and quantity of sleep
sleep terrors
a disturbance in non-REM sleep that is characterized by screaming and staring fearfully and the person does not remember the episode upon waking up
nightmares
frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep
REM rebound
an increased amount of time spent in REM after sleep deprivation
manifest content
the apparent meaning of a dream; the remembered story line of a dream
latent content
the hidden meaning of a dream, often concealed by the manifest content of the dream
activation synthesis model
theory proposing that humans respond to random neural activity while in REM sleep as if it has meaning
psychoactive drugs
substances that can cause changes in psychological activities such as sensation, perception, attention, judgement, memory, self control, emotion, thinking, and behavior; substances that cause changes in conscious experiences
depressants
a class of psychoactive drugs that depress or slow down activity in the central nervous system
barbiturates
depressant drugs that decrease neural activity and reduce anxiety; a type of sedative
opioids
a class of psychoactive drugs that minimize perceptions of pain
opiates
a class of psychoactive drugs that cause a sense of euphoria; a drug that imitates the endorphins naturally produced in your brain
stimulants
a class of drugs that increase neural activity in the central nervous system
amphetamines
stimulant drugs; methamphetamine falls in this class of drugs
hallucinogens
a group of psychoactive drugs that can produce hallucinations, distorted sensory experiences, alterations of mood, and distorted thinking
lysergic acid diethylamide
a synthetically produced, odorless, tasteless, and colorless hallucinogen that is very potent; produces extreme changes in sensations and perceptions
methylenedioxymethamphetamine
a synthetic drug chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline produces a combination of stimulant and hallucinogenic effects
tetrahydrocannabinol
the active ingredient of marijuana
physiological dependence
with constant use of some psychoactive drugs, the body no longer functions normally without the drug
withdrawl
with constant use of some psychoactive drugs a condition in which the body becomes dependent and then reacts when the drug is withheld a sign of physiological dependence
delirium tremens
withdrawl symptoms that can occur when a person who is psychologically dependent on alcohol suddenly stops drinking; can include sweating, restlessness, hallucinations, severe tremors, and seizures
tolerance
with constant use of some physchoactive drug where you need more and more to produce the original effect
psychological dependance
with constant use of some psychoactive drugs, a strong desire or need to continue using the substance occurs without the evidence of tolerance or withdrawl symptoms
hypnosis
an altered state of consciousness allowing for changes in perceptions and behaviors which result from suggestions made by a hypnotist
