Chapter 4 - Consciousness Flashcards
State in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert.
Waking consciousness
A person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior.
Consciousness
State in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness.
Altered state of consciousness
A cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period.
Circadian rhythm
Brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds.
Microsleeps
Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability.
Sleep deprivation
Theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active.
Adaptive theory
Theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage.
Restorative theory
Stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream.
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Any of the stages if sleep that do not include REM.
Non-REM (NREM) sleep
Smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity.
Beta waves
Brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep.
Alpha waves
Brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep.
Theta waves
Long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep.
Delta waves
The inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep.
REM paralysis
Increases amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights.
REM rebound
Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep.
Nightmares
A rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares.
REM behavior disorder
Occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one’s sleep.
Sleepwalking (somnambulism)
Relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully.
Night terrors
The inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep.
Insomnia
Disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half minute or more.
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning.
Narcolepsy
Premise that states that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods.
Activation-synthesis hypothesis
Revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams.
Activation-information-mode model (AIM)
