Chapter 11 - Stress And Health

Question 0

The term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses that are appraised as threatening or challenging.

Answer 0

Stress

Question 1

The study of the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior on the immune system.

Answer 1

Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 2

Events that cause a stress reaction.

Answer 2

Stressors

Question 3

The effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.

Answer 3

Distress

Question 4

The effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being.

Answer 4

Eustress

Question 5

An unpredictable, large-scale event that causes a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feelings of threat.

Answer 5

Catastrophe

Question 6

Assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person’s life over a 1-year period resulting from major life events.

Answer 6

Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

Question 7

Assessment that measures the amount of stress in a college student’s life over a 1-year period resulting from major life events.

Answer 7

College undergraduate stress scale (CUSS)

Question 8

The daily annoyances of everyday life.

Answer 8

Hassles

Question 9

The psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations for a person’s behavior that come from an outside source.

Answer 9

Pressure

Question 10

The psychological experience produced by the blocking of a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need.

Answer 10

Frustration

Question 11

Actions meant to harm or destroy.

Answer 11

Aggression

Question 12

Taking out one’s frustrations on some less threatening or more available target.

Answer 12

Displaced aggression

Question 13

Leaving the presence of a stressor, either literally or by a psychological withdrawal into fantasy, drug abuse, or apathy.

Answer 13

Escape or withdrawal

Question 14

Conflict occurring when a person must choose between two desirable goals.

Answer 14

Approach-approach conflict

Question 15

Conflict occurring when a person must choose between two undesirable goals.

Answer 15

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 16

Conflict occurring when a person much choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects.

Answer 16

Approach-avoidance conflict

Question 17

Conflict in which the person must decide between two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects.

Answer 17

Double approach-avoidance conflict

Question 18

Conflict in which the person must decide between more than two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects.

Answer 18

Multiple approach-avoidance conflict

Question 19

The three stages of the body’s physiological reaction to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Answer 19

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 20

The system of cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries.

Answer 20

Immune system

Question 21

Disease involving failure of the pancreas to secrete enough insulin, necessitating medication, usually diagnosed before the age of 40 and can be associated with obesity.

Answer 21

Type 2 diabetes

Question 22

Immune-system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells.

Answer 22

Natural killer (KT) cell

Question 23

Area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illnesses.

Answer 23

Health psychology

Question 24

The first step in assessing stress, which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge.

Answer 24

Primary appraisal

Question 25

The second step in assessing a threat, which involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor.

Answer 25

Secondary appraisal

Question 26

Person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed.

Answer 26

Type A personality

Question 27

Person who is relaxed and laid-back, less driven and competitive than type A, and slow to anger.

Answer 27

Type B personality

Question 28

Pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult.

Answer 28

Type C personality

Question 29

A person who seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of the type A personality.

Answer 29

Hardy personality

Question 30

Negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration.

Answer 30

Burnout

Question 31

Stress resulting from the need to change and adapt a person’s ways to the majority culture.

Answer 31

Acculturative stress

Question 32

The network of family, friends, neighbors, coworkers, and others who can offer support, comfort, it aid to a person in need.

Answer 32

Social-support system

Question 33

Actions that people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize the effects of stressors.

Answer 33

Coping strategies

Question 34

Coping strategies that try to eliminate the source of a stress or reduce it’s impact through direct actions.

Answer 34

Problem-focused coping

Question 35

Coping strategies that change the impact of a stressor by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor.

Answer 35

Emotion-focused coping

Question 36

Mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness.

Answer 36

Meditation

Question 37

Form of meditation in which a person focuses the mind on some repetitive or unchanging stimulus so that the mind can be cleared of disturbing thoughts and the body can experience relaxation.

Answer 37

Concentration meditation

Question 38

Form of meditation in which a person attempts to become aware of everything in immediate conscious experience, or an expansion of consciousness.

Answer 38

Receptive meditation