Chapter 11 - Stress And Health Flashcards
The term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses that are appraised as threatening or challenging.
Stress
The study of the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior on the immune system.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Events that cause a stress reaction.
Stressors
The effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.
Distress
The effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being.
Eustress
An unpredictable, large-scale event that causes a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feelings of threat.
Catastrophe
Assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person’s life over a 1-year period resulting from major life events.
Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)
Assessment that measures the amount of stress in a college student’s life over a 1-year period resulting from major life events.
College undergraduate stress scale (CUSS)
The daily annoyances of everyday life.
Hassles
The psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations for a person’s behavior that come from an outside source.
Pressure
The psychological experience produced by the blocking of a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need.
Frustration
Actions meant to harm or destroy.
Aggression
Taking out one’s frustrations on some less threatening or more available target.
Displaced aggression
Leaving the presence of a stressor, either literally or by a psychological withdrawal into fantasy, drug abuse, or apathy.
Escape or withdrawal
Conflict occurring when a person must choose between two desirable goals.
Approach-approach conflict
Conflict occurring when a person must choose between two undesirable goals.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Conflict occurring when a person much choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects.
Approach-avoidance conflict
Conflict in which the person must decide between two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects.
Double approach-avoidance conflict
Conflict in which the person must decide between more than two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects.
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict
The three stages of the body’s physiological reaction to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
The system of cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries.
Immune system
Disease involving failure of the pancreas to secrete enough insulin, necessitating medication, usually diagnosed before the age of 40 and can be associated with obesity.
Type 2 diabetes
Immune-system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells.
Natural killer (KT) cell
Area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illnesses.
Health psychology
The first step in assessing stress, which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge.
Primary appraisal
The second step in assessing a threat, which involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor.
Secondary appraisal
Person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed.
Type A personality
Person who is relaxed and laid-back, less driven and competitive than type A, and slow to anger.
Type B personality
Pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult.
Type C personality
A person who seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of the type A personality.
Hardy personality
Negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration.
Burnout
Stress resulting from the need to change and adapt a person’s ways to the majority culture.
Acculturative stress
The network of family, friends, neighbors, coworkers, and others who can offer support, comfort, it aid to a person in need.
Social-support system
Actions that people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize the effects of stressors.
Coping strategies
Coping strategies that try to eliminate the source of a stress or reduce it’s impact through direct actions.
Problem-focused coping
Coping strategies that change the impact of a stressor by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor.
Emotion-focused coping
Mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness.
Meditation
Form of meditation in which a person focuses the mind on some repetitive or unchanging stimulus so that the mind can be cleared of disturbing thoughts and the body can experience relaxation.
Concentration meditation
Form of meditation in which a person attempts to become aware of everything in immediate conscious experience, or an expansion of consciousness.
Receptive meditation
