Chapter 4 - Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Awareness of internal and external stimuli such as feelings of hunger and pain or detection of light

Question 2

Wakefulness

Answer 2

High levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behaviour
Being alert and able to process

Question 3

Freuds unconscious

Answer 3

Dynamic unconscious: active system, hidden memories, instincts and desires, and the struggle to control these forces
Repression: removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness

Question 4

Modern unconscious

Answer 4

Cognitive unconscious: mental processes that give rise to a persons thoughts, choices, emotions, and behaviour even though they are not experienced by the person

Question 5

Freuds levels of consciousness

Answer 5

The conscious mind
The pre conscious mind - memories stored (slightly submerged but still accessible)
The unconscious mind - instincts, immediate gratification (inaccessible but influences behaviour )

Question 6

Jung’s level of consciousness

Answer 6

Triangle
Ego - who you are
Conscious - things we’re aware of/ sense
Personal unconscious - memories and impulses, forgotten events
Collective unconscious - shared by all
Archetype - fundamental understanding

Question 7

Biological rythym

Answer 7

Internal cycle of biological activity
Ex., change of body temp, menstrual cycle, levels of alertness

Question 8

Circadian rythym

Answer 8

Biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours

Question 9

Sleep is associated with the secretion and regulation of many hormones including?

Answer 9

• melatonin
• follicle stimulating hormone
• luteinizing hormone
• growth hormone

Question 10

Sleep regulation

Answer 10

The brains control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world

Question 11

Sleep debt

Answer 11

Result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

Question 12

Sleep rebound

Answer 12

A sleep deprived individual will tend to tale a shorter time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep

Question 13

Brainwaves during sleep

Answer 13

Brainwave activity changes dramatically across the different stages of sleep
Visualized using an EEG

Question 14

Stage 1 - Alpha

Answer 14

Relatively low frequency, relatively high amplitude, synchronized

Question 15

Stage 2 - Theta

Answer 15

Low frequency, low amplitude

Question 16

Stage 3 - delta

Answer 16

Low frequency, high amplitude

Question 17

Spindles and K- complexes

Answer 17

Signal high brain activity
Active during stage 2 (theta)

Question 18

Dream research

Answer 18

• dreams may represent life events that are important to the dreamer
• state of protoconsciousness (virtual reality)

Question 19

Lucid dreams

Answer 19

Certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dreaming state

Question 20

Sigmund Freud’s view on dreams

Answer 20

Manifest content - the actual content of the dream
Latent content - hidden meaning
We release inhibitions while we sleep

Question 21

Carl Jung’s view on dreams

Answer 21

• allowed us to tap into the collective unconscious
• certain symbols reflected universal archetypes

Question 22

Physiological dependence on substances

Answer 22

Involves changes in normal bodily functions and withdrawal upon not using it

Question 23

Psychological dependence

Answer 23

• emotional need for the drug

Question 24

Depressant drugs

Answer 24

• slow down your natural nervous system

Question 25

Presypnatic cell

Answer 25

Transmits signal toward synapse

Question 26

Postsypnatic cell

Answer 26

Transmits signal away from synapse

Question 27

GABA

Answer 27

Slows down your brain by blocking specific signals in your central nervous system
- in depressants

Question 28

Drugs can influence the synapse in 2 ways - Antagonist

Answer 28

• bind to the synaptic receptors but slow down the effect neurotransmitters

Question 29

Drugs can influence the synapse in 2 ways - Agonist

Answer 29

Bind to the synaptic receptors and increase the effect of neurotransmitters