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Psychology > Chapter 1/ Intro And History > Flashcards

Chapter 1/ Intro And History Flashcards

1
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Survival of the fittest —> natural selection
Evolution results from natural selection

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2
Q

Functionalism

A

Mental abilities allow people to adapt to their environment
Ex., emotions— fear triggered flight or flight
Bodies way to protect yourself
Focuses on practical, real world consequences
Asks: what does the mind do and how?

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3
Q

Stream of consciousness

A

Continually flowing process of consciousness and any attempt to reduce it will distort it (EX., alcohol)
Individual, selective, always changing, continuous, functional

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4
Q

Behaviourism

A

Revolt against consciousness
Classical conditioning= stimulus—> response
Ex., training a dog to eat with a bell

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5
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Reaction times
Putting together sound and movement
Introspection—> examine own conscious experience in attempt breaks down component parts

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6
Q

John B Watson

A

Father of behaviourism
Focused on observable behaviour and ways to bring the behaviour under control

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7
Q

What is psychology?

A

Study of mind and behaviour
- the brain
- the conscious
- personality
- mental health
- reasoning
- memory
- language

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8
Q

What is the mind?

A

Soul and an organ

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9
Q

Rationalism

A

Opinions and actions should be based on knowledge and reason instead of religion and emotion
*how we see the world

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10
Q

Nativism

A

The belief that you’re born with some knowledge

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11
Q

Aristotle

A

Mind must be employed to gain knowledge
Truth can only be known by seeing it with your own eyes

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12
Q

Teleology

A

Everything has a function
It’s there for a reason

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13
Q

Entelogy

A

Keeps an object moving and developing so it can reach its full potential

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14
Q

Structuralism

A

Analyzing the mind by breaking it down to its basic components

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15
Q

Zeitgeist

A

Easy way to understand humans

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16
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Believes we are born with some knowledge- Nativist
Rationalist
Phenomenologist- a person who studies things that exist and can be seen felt taste etc. and how we experience them
Mind = consciousness
Animals don’t have consciousness, free will, or reason

17
Q

William James

A

Highly contributed to functionalism

18
Q

What is empiricism?

A

Theory that all knowledge is derived from sense experiences (body)
*How we see the world

19
Q

Reasoning

A

Process
1. Sensory information (isolated) ex fire hot
2. Common sense (synthesized experience) ex hot bad fire bad
3. Passive Reason( utilization of synthesized experience) ex don’t go near don’t touch
4. Active reasoning (higher part of soul)

20
Q

Edward Titchen

A

Structuralism- examining basic parts of mind
He believed subject matter of psychology was the conscious experience
E. Married couple recorded feeling and sensations during sex and student feeling and sensations while going to the bathroom

21
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Survival of the fittest —> Natural selection
Evolution results from Natural selection

22
Q

Functionalism

A

Study how people have the mental ability to adapt to their environment
Ex. Fear triggers flight or fight and keeps you safe
Focuses on real life consequences
Asks: what does the mind do and how does it do it?

23
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • highly influential in psychology
  • invented and developed the technique of psychoanalysis (present is shaped by our past)
  • Human behaviour is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges
  • Id (impulses), Ego (negotiates with Id, pleases the superego), Superego (keeps us on the straight and narrow)
24
Q

Human Psychology

A

Approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

25
Q

Health Psychology

A

Focuses on how individual health is directly related to or affected by biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences
- health/ illness is determined by these factors

26
Q

Social Psychology

A

How individuals interact and relate with others and how that can affect behaviour
- prejudice (pre-conceived judgements)
- attraction
- interpersonal conflicts
- obedience

27
Q

Personality Psychology

A
  • Focuses on behaviours and thought patterns that are unique to the individual
  • Studies include conscious and unconscious thinking and identifying personality traits
28
Q

Developmental Psychology

A
  • Studies the physical and mental attributes of aging and maturing
  • Various skills that are acquired throughout growth
    -moral reasoning, cognitive skills, social skills
29
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • Humanism
  • developed a therapy method —> patient takes the lead
  • believes therapists need: unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy
30
Q

Abraham Maslow

A
  • proposed a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behaviour
  • as long as basic needs are met, higher level needs will begin to motivate behaviour

Psychology (6 decks)

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