Chapter 4-Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

somatic cells. nuclear division that seperates chromosomes in equal fashion to two daughter cells, is the cellular mechanism that preserves genetic information

Question 2

haploid

Answer 2

gametes and other cells that carry a single set of chromosomes. n

Question 3

diploid

Answer 3

zygotes and other cells carrying two matching sets of chromosomes. 2n. most body cells

Question 4

chromatin

Answer 4

chromosomes are composed of this. DNA+Protein

Question 5

homologous chromosomes

Answer 5

carry the same genes but may have differemt alleles. aka matched chromosomes. One is paternal and the other is maternal

Question 6

nonhomologous chromosomes

Answer 6

carry completely unrelated sets of genetic information

Question 7

sister chromatides

Answer 7

each chromosome consisting of two identical halves attached at the centromere

Question 8

centromere

Answer 8

where the two sister chromatides are held together

Question 9

metacentric

Answer 9

centromere near the middle

Question 10

acrocentric

Answer 10

centromere toward one end

Question 11

autosomes

Answer 11

the 44 chromosomes in matching pairs.

Question 12

meiosis

Answer 12

gamete cells. usually haploid (n)

Question 13

homogametic

Answer 13

two sex chromsomes are homologous-female

Question 14

heterogametic

Answer 14

two sex chromosomes are nonhomologous-males

Question 15

M phase

Answer 15

mitosis and cytokinesis. nuclear division and segregation of chromatides. cell division

Question 16

G1 (gap 1)

Answer 16

cell growth preperation for DNA replication

Question 17

G2 (gap 2)

Answer 17

cell growth preperation for mitosis

Question 18

S (synthesis

Answer 18

chromosome duplication (including DNA replication)

Question 19

Mitosis-prophase

Answer 19

chromsomes condense dramatically; sister chromatides of each chromosome are attached at their centromere. nucleoli disappear

Question 20

Mitosis-prometaphase

Answer 20

nuclear envelope breaks down. sister chromatides are attacheed to kinetichore mirotubles from centrosomes at opposite poles. overall complex of microtubles froms the mitotic spindle.

Question 21

kinetochore

Answer 21

structure in the centromere region of each chromatid that attaches to the same structure but in the centrosomes region

Question 22

Oogonia

Answer 22

diploid germ cells in ovaries of female embryos. They divide by mitosis during fetal stage and enter meiosis I to become primary oocytes

Question 23

polar body

Answer 23

cell produced by meiosis that doesn’t become a gamete

Question 24

spermatogonia

Answer 24

diploid germ cells found in testis. divide by mitosis throughout lifespan of individual