Chapter 4 - Children with Speech and Language Problems

Question 1

Define: communicative competence

Answer 1

knowing how to interact, communicate appropriately in various situations, and make sense of what others say and do in communicative interactions

Question 2

Define: language problems

Answer 2

a range of difficulties with the linguistic code, or with rules for linking the symbols and the symbol sequences

Question 3

Define: language delays

Answer 3

children who demonstrate significant lags but whose language is still progressing according to the stages of normal language development

Question 4

Define: language disorders

Answer 4

impairment or deviant development of comprehension, of the use of a spoken, written, or other symbol system , may involve form, content, function, or any combination of these

Question 5

Define: receptive disorders

Answer 5

those that interfere with the comprehension of spoken language

Question 6

Define: expressive disorders

Answer 6

those that affect the formulation of grammatical utterances

Question 7

Explain: delayed language development

Answer 7

• children with delayed language development learn language in an orderly progression but more slowly and less proficiently than normal-aged peers
• use language infrequently, by preschool age they talk half as much as their peers, and are much less responsive to inquiries

Question 8

rule of six

Answer 8

if a child’s language development lags six months behind normal, the child has a delay

Question 9

Define: aphasia

Answer 9

conditions that affects language reception/comprehension and expression/production, may be developmental or acquired

• developmental: children don’t suffer from any apparent additional disabling conditions
• acquired: trauma that occur after language has been developed, loss of linguistic ability from brain damage after serious illness, trauma to the head, stroke, usually kids under 8 make excellent recoveries

Question 10

Define: selective mutism

Answer 10

children who generally have normal language development yet talk only to a small group of relatives or peers, anxiety-based disorder, more common in girls than boys

Question 11

Define: elective mutism

Answer 11

emotionally disturbed children who do not speak or speak only in certain circumstances, may be associated with a traumatic event, always symptomatic of a deep disturbance of psychological functioning

Question 12

Define: aphonia

Answer 12

condition where there is no voice

Question 13

Define: mutism (aphasia)

Answer 13

the total absence of speech, rare, related to severe emotional, neurological, or sensory deficit

Question 14

Define: severe global aphasia (aphasia)

Answer 14

both expressive and acquired aphasia are present to a severe degree, often associated with additional perceptual problems, such as with sight or hearing

Question 15

Define: dysnomia (aphasia)

Answer 15

trouble remembering words or word meanings

Question 16

What percent of children have speech of language impairments? language disorders alone?

Answer 16

7-10% of children have speech or language impairments, 3% of preschoolers, 1% of school aged pop have language disorders alone

Question 17

What are the leading causes of aphasia in children?

Answer 17

head injuries and diseases are the leading causes of aphasia in children

Question 18

Define: speech disorders

Answer 18

problems encountered in the oral production of language

Question 19

Define: abnormal speech

Answer 19

when speech deviates to the degree that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or causes the speaker/listener distress

Question 20

Define: phonological difficulties

Answer 20

when a child has mastered a sound and pronounces it correctly in some contexts but not others, aware of their errors and make adjustments to enhance verbal comprehension

Question 21

Define: voice disorders

Answer 21

includes hoarseness, breathiness, loudness, pitch, and sudden breaks in pitch, frequently combined with other speech problems

Question 22

Define: dysfluency

Answer 22

conditions in which the flow of speech is interrupted with blocking, repetitions, or prolongations of sounds, words, phrases, or syllables, ex. stuttering; a speech flow disorder

Question 23

Define: articulation problems

Answer 23

a child cannot actually make or produce a sound, ex. a lisp, characterized by omissions, substitutions, distortions, and additions of speech sounds

Question 24

What percent of the population is affected by stuttering? Which gender is more affected?

Answer 24

1% of population is affected, more males than females stutter

Question 25

Define: cluttering (dysfluency)

Answer 25

rapid, jerky, stumbling speech with marked omissions, excessive speed, disorganized sentence structure, and articulation problems

Question 26

Define: apraxia (muscle control problem)

Answer 26

the inability to program, position, and sequence the muscles movements involved with speech

Question 27

Define: dysarthria (muscle control problem)

Answer 27

a group of speech disorders resulting from disturbed muscular control over the speech mechanisms, ex. partial/complete paralysis of the muscles associated with speech

Question 28

Define/explain: coral effect

Answer 28

when reading/singing in unison stuttering disapears or is greatly reduced