Chapter 4 - Children with Speech and Language Problems Flashcards
Define: communicative competence
knowing how to interact, communicate appropriately in various situations, and make sense of what others say and do in communicative interactions
Define: language problems
a range of difficulties with the linguistic code, or with rules for linking the symbols and the symbol sequences
Define: language delays
children who demonstrate significant lags but whose language is still progressing according to the stages of normal language development
Define: language disorders
impairment or deviant development of comprehension, of the use of a spoken, written, or other symbol system , may involve form, content, function, or any combination of these
Define: receptive disorders
those that interfere with the comprehension of spoken language
Define: expressive disorders
those that affect the formulation of grammatical utterances
Explain: delayed language development
- children with delayed language development learn language in an orderly progression but more slowly and less proficiently than normal-aged peers
- use language infrequently, by preschool age they talk half as much as their peers, and are much less responsive to inquiries
rule of six
if a child’s language development lags six months behind normal, the child has a delay
Define: aphasia
conditions that affects language reception/comprehension and expression/production, may be developmental or acquired
- developmental: children don’t suffer from any apparent additional disabling conditions
- acquired: trauma that occur after language has been developed, loss of linguistic ability from brain damage after serious illness, trauma to the head, stroke, usually kids under 8 make excellent recoveries
Define: selective mutism
children who generally have normal language development yet talk only to a small group of relatives or peers, anxiety-based disorder, more common in girls than boys
Define: elective mutism
emotionally disturbed children who do not speak or speak only in certain circumstances, may be associated with a traumatic event, always symptomatic of a deep disturbance of psychological functioning
Define: aphonia
condition where there is no voice
Define: mutism (aphasia)
the total absence of speech, rare, related to severe emotional, neurological, or sensory deficit
Define: severe global aphasia (aphasia)
both expressive and acquired aphasia are present to a severe degree, often associated with additional perceptual problems, such as with sight or hearing
Define: dysnomia (aphasia)
trouble remembering words or word meanings
What percent of children have speech of language impairments? language disorders alone?
7-10% of children have speech or language impairments, 3% of preschoolers, 1% of school aged pop have language disorders alone
What are the leading causes of aphasia in children?
head injuries and diseases are the leading causes of aphasia in children
Define: speech disorders
problems encountered in the oral production of language
Define: abnormal speech
when speech deviates to the degree that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or causes the speaker/listener distress
Define: phonological difficulties
when a child has mastered a sound and pronounces it correctly in some contexts but not others, aware of their errors and make adjustments to enhance verbal comprehension
Define: voice disorders
includes hoarseness, breathiness, loudness, pitch, and sudden breaks in pitch, frequently combined with other speech problems
Define: dysfluency
conditions in which the flow of speech is interrupted with blocking, repetitions, or prolongations of sounds, words, phrases, or syllables, ex. stuttering; a speech flow disorder
Define: articulation problems
a child cannot actually make or produce a sound, ex. a lisp, characterized by omissions, substitutions, distortions, and additions of speech sounds
What percent of the population is affected by stuttering? Which gender is more affected?
1% of population is affected, more males than females stutter
Define: cluttering (dysfluency)
rapid, jerky, stumbling speech with marked omissions, excessive speed, disorganized sentence structure, and articulation problems
Define: apraxia (muscle control problem)
the inability to program, position, and sequence the muscles movements involved with speech
Define: dysarthria (muscle control problem)
a group of speech disorders resulting from disturbed muscular control over the speech mechanisms, ex. partial/complete paralysis of the muscles associated with speech
Define/explain: coral effect
when reading/singing in unison stuttering disapears or is greatly reduced
