Chapter 4 Changing Behaviour Flashcards
Reflex
An automatic reaction to a stimulus
Stimulus
A trigger to behaviour
Behaviourism
An approach in psychology, which argued that only observable behaviour should form the object of study
Classical conditioning
Conditioning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to trigger a response by virtue of its pairing with unconditional stimulus
Stimulus-response psychology
An approach to understanding behaviour that suggested that learning consists of the acquisition of new links between stimuli and responses
Instrumental conditioning
A form of conditioning in which the outcome depends upon the action of the animal, as exemplified by obtaining food on turning a latch or negotiating a maze.
Behaviour shaping
The procedure of giving reinforcement for successive approximations to the desired response
Operant conditioning
The form of instrumental conditioning that occurs in the Skinner box.
Positive reinforcement
The process of removing something as a consequence of a particular behaviour, which increases the frequency of showing that behaviour
Negative reinforcement
The process of removing something as a consequence of a particular behaviour, which increases the frequency of showing that behaviour
Extinction
The removal of a reinforcer e.g.- taking the food pellets away from the Skinner box
Partial reinforcement
A schedule in which the tars gets reinforced only occasionally
Punishment
An event that follows a response and which leads to a decrease in the frequency of that response
Elicited behaviour
Behaviour that is triggered by a stimulus zz
Emitted behaviour
Behaviour that is controlled by its consequences
