Chapter 4 - Cell Structure

Question 1

Area of a prokaryotic cell, usually near the center, that contains the genome in the form of DNA compacted with protein

Answer 1

Nuleoid

Question 2

In eukaryotic cells, the membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNS

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

The bounding structure of the eukaryotic nucleus. Composed of two phospholipid bilayer’s with the outer when connected to the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Nuclear Envelope

Question 4

The material within a cell, excluding the nucleus; the protoplasm

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Special as part of a cell; literally, a small cytoplasmic organ

Answer 5

Organelle

Question 6

In eukaryotes, the site of rRNA synthesis; aspherical body composed chiefly of rRNA in the process of being transcribed from multiple copies of rRNA jeans

Answer 6

Nucleolus

Question 7

One of a multitude of tiny but complex openings in the nuclear envelope to allow select a passage of proteins and nucleic acid into and out of the nucleus

Answer 7

Nuclear pore

Question 8

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm; it contains dissolved organic molecules and ions

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

In the bacteria, a gelatinous layer surrounding the cell wall

Answer 9

Capsule

Question 10

The rigid, outmost we are at the cells of plants, some protein, and some bacteria; the cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane

Answer 10

Cell wall

Question 11

A large, membrane-bound sac found in plant cells proteins, pigments, and waste materials and is involved in water balance

Answer 11

Central Vacuole

Question 12

A network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors it’s organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility

Answer 12

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

The vehicle by which really Terry information he’s physically transmitted from one generation to the next; in eukaryotes, each chromosome consists of a single linear DNA molecule and associated proteins

Answer 13

Chromosome

Question 14

A small collecting vessel that pinches off from the end of a gogli body to form a transport materials through the cytoplasm

Answer 14

Cisterns

Question 15

The complex of DNA and proteins up with eukaryotic chromosomes are composed; Highly uncoiled and diffuse in interphase nuclei, condensing to form the visible chromosomes in prophase

Answer 15

Chromitin

Question 16

A cytoplasmic organelle located outside the nuclear membrane, identical in structure to a basal body; found in animal cells and in flagellated cells of other groups; divides and organize a spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis

Answer 16

Centriole

Question 17

Short cellular projections from the surface of a eukaryotic cell, having the same internal structure of microtubules and a 9+2 arrangement as seen in a flagellum

Answer 17

Cilia

Question 18

A folded extension of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Mitochondria contain numerous.

Answer 18

Crista

Question 19

Ecella like organelle present and algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and usually other pigments and carries out photosynthesis

Answer 19

Chloroplasts

Question 20

A long, threadlike structure protruding from the surface of a cell and used in locomotion

Answer 20

Flagellum

Question 21

The protein composing bacterial flagella, which allow a cell to move through an aqueous environment

Answer 21

Flagellin

Question 22

Extensions of a bacterial cell enabling him to transfer genetic materials from one individual to another or to it here to substrates

Answer 22

Pili

Question 23

The molecular machine that carries out protein synthesis; the most complicated aggregation of proteins in the cell, also contain three different rRNA molecules

Answer 23

Ribosome

Question 24

A component of the cell wall of bacteria, consisting of carb polymers linked by protein cross bridges

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan

Question 25

A system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells

Answer 25

Endomembrane system

Question 26

A small intracellular membrane bounded sac in which various substances are transported or stored

Answer 26

Vesicle

Question 27

Internal membrane system that forms a netlike array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm and interconnections within of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 27

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

Structure near the inner nuclear membrane and the peripheral chromatin. It is composed of lamins, which are also present in the nuclear interior, and lamin-associated proteins.

Answer 28

Nuclear lamina

Question 29

"Bounded opening."/Passage through which blood flows inside a blood vessel, and the passage through which material moves inside the intestine during digestion.

Answer 29

lumen/cisternal space

Question 30

protein molecule modified withing the Golgi complex by having a short sugar chain (polysaccharide) attached.

Answer 30

glycoprotein

Question 31

Regions of ER w/ relatively few bound ribosomes

Answer 31

Smooth ER

Question 32

Gets name from pebbly surface appearance. Primarily composed of flattened sacs, the surfaces bumpy with ribosomes.

Answer 32

Rough ER

Question 33

Flattened stacks of membranes form this complex of cisternae. Functions: collection, packaging and distribution of molecules synth. at one location & used at another.

Answer 33

Golgi apparatus

Question 34

Front, or receiving end of golgi apparatus. Located near ER.

Answer 34

cis face

Question 35

Material exit of golgi complex.

Answer 35

trans face

Question 36

Moves molecules between locations in cell. Eg: moves proteins from rough ER to golgi apparatus.

Answer 36

transport vesicle

Question 37

Contain materials that are to be excreted from the cell. Dispose of wastes. Promotes cell function.

Answer 37

secretory vesicle

Question 38

Membrane-bounded degestive vesicles. Components of endomembrane system. Arise from Golgi Apparatus. Rapidly break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids & carbs.

Answer 38

Lysosomes

Question 39

Lysosomes are activated by fusing with a food vesicle produced by...

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

Enzyme-baring, membrane enclosed vesicles. Found in plants, animals, fungi & protists. Organizes metabolism in eukaryotes.

Answer 40

microbody

Question 41

Type of microbody which contains ezymes involved in oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 41

perozisome

Question 42

Specialized membrane-bounded structures in plants. Large membranous sacs. Stores solutes, regs. H2O balance, helps cells maintain size, etc.

Answer 42

vacuoles

Question 43

Tubular or sausage-shaped organelles found in all types of eukaryotic cells. Bounded by two membranes w/ matrix. Metabolize sugar to produce ATP. "Powerhouse."

Answer 43

Mitochondrion

Question 44

In mitochondria, the solution in the interior space surrounded by cristae that contains the enzymes and other molecules involved in oxidative respiration.

Answer 44

Matrix

Question 45

Membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells that contains water channels; helps maintain cell's osmotic balance

Answer 45

tonoplast

Question 46

Outer compartment of a mitochondrion that lies between the two membranes.

Answer 46

intermembrane space

Question 47

Stacked colums of flattened, interconnected disks (thylakoids) that are part of thylakoid membrane system in chloroplasts

Answer 47

grana

Question 48

In chloroplasts, a complex, organized internal membrane composed of flattened disks, which contain the photosystems involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 48

Thylakoid

Question 49

In plants, a minute opening bordered by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems; water passes out of a plant mainly through these.

Answer 49

stroma

Question 50

In plant cells, a colorless plastid in which starch grains are stored; usually found in cells not exposed to light.

Answer 50

leucoplast

Question 51

A plant organelle called a plastid that specializes in storing starch.

Answer 51

amyloplast

Question 52

Theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiosis between different species of prokaryotes

Answer 52

endosymbiosis

Question 53

Long fibers composed of two protein chains loosely twined together like two strands of pearls. Polar. Responsible for cellular movements.

Answer 53

actin filaments; "pearls" = actins

Question 54

Durable element of cytoskeleton. in animal cells. Tough, fibrous protein molecules twined together in overlapping arrangement.

Answer 54

intermediate filamens

Question 55

Largest of cytoskeletal elements. Hollow tubes composed of ring of 13 protein protofilaments. Organize the cytoplasm and are responsible for moving materials within cell.

Answer 55

microtubules

Question 56

Microtubules are assembled from...

Answer 56

α- and β-tubulin dimers

Question 57

Region surrounding pair of centrioles in almost all animal cells.

Answer 57

centrosome

Question 58

Self-reproducing, cylindrical, cytoplasmic organelle composed of nine triplets of microtubules from which flagella or cilia rise

Answer 58

basal body

Question 59

A protein belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Move along microtubule filaments, and are powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Answer 59

Kinesin

Question 60

A motor protein (also called molecular motor) in cells which converts the chemical energy contained in ATP into the mechanical energy of movement.

Answer 60

Dynein

Question 61

Collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

Answer 61

Extracellular matrix (ECM

Question 62

Protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions. A cell junction whose cytoplasmic face is linked to the actin cytoskeleton.

Answer 62

Adhesive junction

Question 63

Type of anchoring junction that links adjacent cells by connecting their cytoskeletons with cadherin proteins.

Answer 63

Desmosome

Question 64

Junction between adjacent animal cells that allows the passage of materials between the cells.

Answer 64

Gap junction

Question 65

In plants, cytoplasmic connections between adjacent cells.

Answer 65

plasmodesmata

Question 66

region of actual fusion of plasma membranes between two adjacent animal cells that prevents materials from leaking through the tissue.

Answer 66

tight junction

Question 67

9+2 structure

Answer 67

A eukaryotic flagellum is a bundle of nine fused pairs of microtubule doublets surrounding two central single microtubules. The so-called "9 + 2" structure is characteristic of the core of the eukaryotic flagellum called an axoneme.