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Biology 1010 > Chapter 4 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Area of a prokaryotic cell, usually near the center, that contains the genome in the form of DNA compacted with protein

A

Nuleoid

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2
Q

In eukaryotic cells, the membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNS

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

The bounding structure of the eukaryotic nucleus. Composed of two phospholipid bilayer’s with the outer when connected to the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Nuclear Envelope

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4
Q

The material within a cell, excluding the nucleus; the protoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Special as part of a cell; literally, a small cytoplasmic organ

A

Organelle

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6
Q

In eukaryotes, the site of rRNA synthesis; aspherical body composed chiefly of rRNA in the process of being transcribed from multiple copies of rRNA jeans

A

Nucleolus

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7
Q

One of a multitude of tiny but complex openings in the nuclear envelope to allow select a passage of proteins and nucleic acid into and out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear pore

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8
Q

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm; it contains dissolved organic molecules and ions

A

Cytosol

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9
Q

In the bacteria, a gelatinous layer surrounding the cell wall

A

Capsule

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10
Q

The rigid, outmost we are at the cells of plants, some protein, and some bacteria; the cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane

A

Cell wall

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11
Q

A large, membrane-bound sac found in plant cells proteins, pigments, and waste materials and is involved in water balance

A

Central Vacuole

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12
Q

A network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors it’s organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility

A

Cytoskeleton

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13
Q

The vehicle by which really Terry information he’s physically transmitted from one generation to the next; in eukaryotes, each chromosome consists of a single linear DNA molecule and associated proteins

A

Chromosome

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14
Q

A small collecting vessel that pinches off from the end of a gogli body to form a transport materials through the cytoplasm

A

Cisterns

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15
Q

The complex of DNA and proteins up with eukaryotic chromosomes are composed; Highly uncoiled and diffuse in interphase nuclei, condensing to form the visible chromosomes in prophase

A

Chromitin

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16
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle located outside the nuclear membrane, identical in structure to a basal body; found in animal cells and in flagellated cells of other groups; divides and organize a spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis

A

Centriole

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17
Q

Short cellular projections from the surface of a eukaryotic cell, having the same internal structure of microtubules and a 9+2 arrangement as seen in a flagellum

A

Cilia

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18
Q

A folded extension of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Mitochondria contain numerous.

A

Crista

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19
Q

Ecella like organelle present and algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and usually other pigments and carries out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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20
Q

A long, threadlike structure protruding from the surface of a cell and used in locomotion

A

Flagellum

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21
Q

The protein composing bacterial flagella, which allow a cell to move through an aqueous environment

A

Flagellin

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22
Q

Extensions of a bacterial cell enabling him to transfer genetic materials from one individual to another or to it here to substrates

A

Pili

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23
Q

The molecular machine that carries out protein synthesis; the most complicated aggregation of proteins in the cell, also contain three different rRNA molecules

A

Ribosome

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24
Q

A component of the cell wall of bacteria, consisting of carb polymers linked by protein cross bridges

A

Peptidoglycan

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25
Q

A system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells

A

Endomembrane system

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26
Q

A small intracellular membrane bounded sac in which various substances are transported or stored

A

Vesicle

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27
Q

Internal membrane system that forms a netlike array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm and interconnections within of eukaryotic cells.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

Structure near the inner nuclear membrane and the peripheral chromatin. It is composed of lamins, which are also present in the nuclear interior, and lamin-associated proteins.

A

Nuclear lamina

29
Q

“Bounded opening.”/Passage through which blood flows inside a blood vessel, and the passage through which material moves inside the intestine during digestion.

A

lumen/cisternal space

30
Q

protein molecule modified withing the Golgi complex by having a short sugar chain (polysaccharide) attached.

A

glycoprotein

31
Q

Regions of ER w/ relatively few bound ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

32
Q

Gets name from pebbly surface appearance. Primarily composed of flattened sacs, the surfaces bumpy with ribosomes.

A

Rough ER

33
Q

Flattened stacks of membranes form this complex of cisternae. Functions: collection, packaging and distribution of molecules synth. at one location & used at another.

A

Golgi apparatus

34
Q

Front, or receiving end of golgi apparatus. Located near ER.

A

cis face

35
Q

Material exit of golgi complex.

A

trans face

36
Q

Moves molecules between locations in cell. Eg: moves proteins from rough ER to golgi apparatus.

A

transport vesicle

37
Q

Contain materials that are to be excreted from the cell. Dispose of wastes. Promotes cell function.

A

secretory vesicle

38
Q

Membrane-bounded degestive vesicles. Components of endomembrane system. Arise from Golgi Apparatus. Rapidly break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids & carbs.

A

Lysosomes

39
Q

Lysosomes are activated by fusing with a food vesicle produced by…

A

Phagocytosis

40
Q

Enzyme-baring, membrane enclosed vesicles. Found in plants, animals, fungi & protists. Organizes metabolism in eukaryotes.

A

microbody

41
Q

Type of microbody which contains ezymes involved in oxidation of fatty acids

A

perozisome

42
Q

Specialized membrane-bounded structures in plants. Large membranous sacs. Stores solutes, regs. H2O balance, helps cells maintain size, etc.

A

vacuoles

43
Q

Tubular or sausage-shaped organelles found in all types of eukaryotic cells. Bounded by two membranes w/ matrix. Metabolize sugar to produce ATP. “Powerhouse.”

A

Mitochondrion

44
Q

In mitochondria, the solution in the interior space surrounded by cristae that contains the enzymes and other molecules involved in oxidative respiration.

A

Matrix

45
Q

Membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells that contains water channels; helps maintain cell’s osmotic balance

A

tonoplast

46
Q

Outer compartment of a mitochondrion that lies between the two membranes.

A

intermembrane space

47
Q

Stacked colums of flattened, interconnected disks (thylakoids) that are part of thylakoid membrane system in chloroplasts

A

grana

48
Q

In chloroplasts, a complex, organized internal membrane composed of flattened disks, which contain the photosystems involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

A

Thylakoid

49
Q

In plants, a minute opening bordered by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems; water passes out of a plant mainly through these.

A

stroma

50
Q

In plant cells, a colorless plastid in which starch grains are stored; usually found in cells not exposed to light.

A

leucoplast

51
Q

A plant organelle called a plastid that specializes in storing starch.

A

amyloplast

52
Q

Theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiosis between different species of prokaryotes

A

endosymbiosis

53
Q

Long fibers composed of two protein chains loosely twined together like two strands of pearls. Polar. Responsible for cellular movements.

A

actin filaments; “pearls” = actins

54
Q

Durable element of cytoskeleton. in animal cells. Tough, fibrous protein molecules twined together in overlapping arrangement.

A

intermediate filamens

55
Q

Largest of cytoskeletal elements. Hollow tubes composed of ring of 13 protein protofilaments. Organize the cytoplasm and are responsible for moving materials within cell.

A

microtubules

56
Q

Microtubules are assembled from…

A

α- and β-tubulin dimers

57
Q

Region surrounding pair of centrioles in almost all animal cells.

A

centrosome

58
Q

Self-reproducing, cylindrical, cytoplasmic organelle composed of nine triplets of microtubules from which flagella or cilia rise

A

basal body

59
Q

A protein belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Move along microtubule filaments, and are powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

A

Kinesin

60
Q

A motor protein (also called molecular motor) in cells which converts the chemical energy contained in ATP into the mechanical energy of movement.

A

Dynein

61
Q

Collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

A

Extracellular matrix (ECM

62
Q

Protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions. A cell junction whose cytoplasmic face is linked to the actin cytoskeleton.

A

Adhesive junction

63
Q

Type of anchoring junction that links adjacent cells by connecting their cytoskeletons with cadherin proteins.

A

Desmosome

64
Q

Junction between adjacent animal cells that allows the passage of materials between the cells.

A

Gap junction

65
Q

In plants, cytoplasmic connections between adjacent cells.

A

plasmodesmata

66
Q

region of actual fusion of plasma membranes between two adjacent animal cells that prevents materials from leaking through the tissue.

A

tight junction

67
Q

9+2 structure

A

A eukaryotic flagellum is a bundle of nine fused pairs of microtubule doublets surrounding two central single microtubules. The so-called “9 + 2” structure is characteristic of the core of the eukaryotic flagellum called an axoneme.

Biology 1010 (13 decks)

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