Chapter 1 - Science of Biology

Question 0

Hierarchical organization

Answer 0

Cellular level: Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells
Organismal level: tissues, organs, organ systems
Population level: population, species, biological community
Ecosystem level
Biosphere: entire planet

Question 1

Characteristics shared by living systems

Answer 1

Cellular organization, ordered complexity, sensitivity, growth, development, and reproduction, energy utilization, homeostasis, evolutionary adaptation.

Question 2

Deductive reasoning

Answer 2

Replace general principles to protect specific results.reasoning of mathematics and philosophy, and is used to test validity of general ideas.

Question 3

inductive reasoning

Answer 3

Logic flows from specific to general. Uses specific observations to construct general scientific principles.

Question 4

Test experiment

Answer 4

One variable is altered in a known way to test a particular hypothesis

Question 5

Control experiment

Answer 5

Variable is left unaltered

Question 6

Reductionism

Answer 6

Philosophical approach that breaks larger systems into their component parts.

Question 7

Homologous structures

Answer 7

Bones that have the same evolutionary origin, but now different structure and function

Question 8

Analogous structures

Answer 8

Structures that have similar function but different evolutionary origins. Eg: butterfly and bird wings

Question 9

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 9

Represents the evolutionary history of the Dean, it’s family tree.

Question 10

Cell theory

Answer 10

All living organisms consist of cells. Biologists schleidsn and Schwann. All cells come from pre existing cells

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Formed from two long chains of building blocks, called nucleotides. Four different nucleotides are found in DNA and sequence in which they occur encode cells information

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

Specific sequences of several hundred too many thousand nucleotides make up a gene, a discrete unit of information

Question 13

Homeostasis

Answer 13

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiological environment and an organism;usually involves some form of feedback self-regulation

Question 14

Macromolecule

Answer 14

And extremely large biological molecule; refers specifically to proteins, nucleic acid, polysaccharides, lipids and complexes of these.

Question 15

Organelle

Answer 15

Specialized part of cell

Question 16

Population

Answer 16

Any group of individuals, usually of a single species, occupying a given area at the same time

Question 17

Fungi

Answer 17

Have cell walls of chitin and obtain energy by secreting digestive enzymes and then absorbing products released from the environment

Question 18

Animalia

Answer 18

Luck so walls and obtain energy by ingesting other organisms

Question 19

Protista

Answer 19

Consists of all single so eukaryotes except yeasts. Also multicellular algae

Question 20

Plantae

Answer 20

Have cell walls of cellulose and obtain energy by photosynthesis

Question 21

Atom

Answer 21

Smallest unit of an element that contains all the characteristics of that element

Question 22

Tissue

Answer 22

Group of similar cells are organized into a structural and functional unit

Question 23

Prokaryote

Answer 23

A bacterium; a cell lacking a membrane – bound nucleus or membrane – bound organelles

Question 24

Eukaryote

Answer 24

A cell characterized by membrane-bound organelles, most notably the nucleus, and one that possesses chromosomes who’s DNA is associated with proteins; an organism composed of such cells

Question 25

Natural selection

Answer 25

Effect environment has on a variable population, such that the best adapted individuals reproduce and survive at a higher rate

Question 26

3 domains of living things

Answer 26

Archaea, bacteria, eukarya

Question 27

Kingdoms of eukarya

Answer 27

Bacteria, Protista, Animalia, plantae

Question 28

3 factors that influence extent to which Chem reactions occur

Answer 28

Catalysts, temps, concentration, surface area, reactants

Question 29

What type of covalent bond is found in water

Answer 29

Polar covalent between H and O