Chapter 4 : Causation Flashcards
What is univariate data?
data from one variable in the population
What is bivariate data?
data from two variables of a population
What is a response variable?
The variable of interest to be measured in the experiment
What is the explanatory variable?
the variable whose effect on the response is of interest to the experimenter.
Does association mean causation?
NOOOOOOO
although association is necessary for causation, there is no reason to believe there is a causal relationship if there is association
What is a confounding Variable?
a variable that is related both to the explanatory and response variables in such a way that its effects on the response variable cannot be separated from the effect of the explanatory variable.
What is a spurious relationship?
relationship between the explanatory and response variable that are caused by a confounding variable.
What is an observational study?
one for which the analyst simply observes the treats and the response on a sample of experimental units.
What is a designed study?(experiment?)
one for which the analyst controls the specification of the treatments and the method of assigning the experimental untis to each treatment
What is a completely randomized design?
a design in which the experimental units are randomly assigned to the k treatments in which independent random samples of experimental units are selected for each treatment
What is a matched pairs design?
a design that compares two treatments and uses pairs of experimental units( either two individuals that are very similar to each other or one individual in a before/after scenario). Treatments are assigned randomly within each pair.
