Chapter 2: Generalization Flashcards
What is a sampling design?
A sampling design describes how to choose a sample from the population
When does selection bias occur?
The design of a study possesses selection bias is a subset of the individuals has little or no chance of being selected, systematically favoring certain outcomes.
What is a representative Sample?
This exhibits characteristics typical of those possessed by the target population.
What is a voluntary response sample?
consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal
- this can be biased because people with strong opinions are most likely to respond.
What is convenience sampling?
consists of choosing the individuals easiest to reach
ex: facebook, social media
What is undercoverage?
Occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing sample.
ex: sending a survey only through a landline
What is nonresponse?
when an individual chosen for the sample cannot be contacted or refuses to cooperate.
What is a simple random sample?
A simple random sample ensures that every subset of a fixed size has the same chance of being included in the sample.
What is response bias?
this happens when the respondent provides an incorrect answer to a question. They might be lying or they might not remember the correct answer
What is central tendency?
the tendency of the data to cluster about certain numerical values. Some measure of central tendency are mean median and mode.
What is the sample mean?
the sum of measurements divided by the number of measurements contained in the data set.
Is the Median or the mean a resistant measure of center?
The median is a resistant measure of center, while the mean is not
What is the mode?
The mode is the measurement that occurs most frequently in the data set.
Is the t-test robust?
YES
