Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Flashcards
Blood flow blue?
Oxygenated blood
Blood flow red?
blood you get from the heart
Veins
Blood returns back to heart
Coronary Arteries
Blood vessels that supply heart muscle with blood
Atherosclerosis
Progressive narrowing of arteries due to an accumulation of fatty material (reversible)
Arteriosclerosis
progressive narrowing of arteries due to an accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and other material, and hardening of arteries due to mineral deposits (non-reversible)
Heart Attack Symptoms
- Chest discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Light-headedness
2 types of stroke
- Ischemic: blockage disrupts blood flow to brain
- Hemorrhagic: blood vessel ruptures
- both lead to compromised blood flow, death of tissue
- 80% are ischemic
Stroke signs/symptoms?
FAST
- Face drooping
- Unable to raise arms
- Slurred speech
- Headache
Unchangeable Risk Factors
Age, Sex, Heredity, Ethnicity
Changeable Risk Factors
Smoking, Lack of exercise, unhealthy eating, High Cholesterol, Hypertension, High sodium intake, Stress, Diabetes, Overweight
CVD Treatments:
- Coronary artery bypass (CABG): vein from somewhere, attach to artery to before and after blockage
(Hastings Street example) - Angioplasty, enlarging artery by using balloon-type instrument
Two types of diabetes?
- Type 1: Genetic, body doesn’t produce insulin
- Type 2: Lifestyle related, Body produces insulin; however doesn’t respond to insulin
- if no insulin response= high blood sugar
Diabetes and CVD?
- Adults with diabetes 2-4 times more likely to suffer from heart disease/stroke
- More likely to suffer from CVD/stroke at younger age
Treatments for both diabetes types?
- No cure, blood sugar levels must be held stable
1. Type 1: Insulin injections
2. Type 2: Lifestyle modification
Risk factors for diabetes?
- Obesity
- Ethnicity
- Physical inactivity
- Family history
- Previous case of gestational diabetes
Disorders associated with diabetes?
- CVD
- Kidney disease
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Sores/infections
- Amputation of limbs
- Blindness
4 steps to atherosclerosis
- Lesion in arterial wall
- Build-up of plaque
- Macrophages (foam cells) change to form plaque
- Migration of smooth muscle cells
Cholesterol: Low VS High Density
- Elevated blood cholesterol is risk factor
- Cholesterol carried by lipoproteins
- Low density lipoprotein= bad cholesterol
- -moves blood to vessel walls (increases CVD risk)
- high density lipoprotein= good cholesterol
- -promotes re absorption of cholesterol and lowers CVD risk
