Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

organic chemistry

A

study of compounds containing carbon

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2
Q

valence

A

of covalent bonds an atom can form

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3
Q

hydrocarbons

A

molecules of only hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

hydrophilic

A

affinity to water

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5
Q

isomer

A

compounds that have the same # of atoms of the same elements, but different structures (hence different properties)

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6
Q

structural isomer

A

same molecular formula, differ in the covalent arrangements (different shape)

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7
Q

cis, trans isomer

A

differ in arrangement around a double bond

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8
Q

enantiomers

A

mirror isomer, differ bc of an asymmetrical carbon

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9
Q

functional group

A

chemical groups directly involved in chemical reactions

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10
Q

_____ is key to an atom’s characteristics. It determines the _____ & ______ of bonds an atom will form with other atoms

A
  • Electron configuration

- kinds & number

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11
Q

What are the 4 most important things about the formation of bonds with Carbon?

A
  • 4 bonds
  • organic
  • covalently compatible
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12
Q

What are the most frequent atoms that form bonds with Carbon?

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

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13
Q

What are the 4 carbon chain skeletons commonly found in most organic molecules?

A

Linear, branching, rings, and double bonded????

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14
Q

What is the importance of recognizing enantiomers in the pharmaceutical industry?

A
  • the enantiomers may be ineffective
  • usually only 1 (either S or R) is biologically active
  • only 1 can bind to correct molecule
  • subtle variations in molecular structure alter the emergent properties
  • albuterol R form is active, S form counteracts it
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15
Q

Discuss the 3 types of isomers discussed in class

A

structural: different spatial arrangement
cis: different spatial arrangement on a double bond
(atoms are on the same side as the other)
trans: different spatial arrangement on a double bond
(atoms are across from eachother)
enantiomers: mirror eachother because of asymmetrical carbons

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