Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

study compounds containing carbon

Question 2

Valence

Answer 2

number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell of an atom (the number of covalent bonds it can form)

Question 3

Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

Isomer

Answer 4

compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures/different properties

Question 5

Structural Isomers

Answer 5

isomer that differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 6

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 6

carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to inflexibility of double bonds

Question 7

Cis Isomer

Answer 7

a molecule where similar atoms or groups are on the same side of a double bond

Question 8

Trans Isomer

Answer 8

a molecule where similar atoms or groups are on the opposite side of a double bond

Question 9

Enantiomers

Answer 9

isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon (one that is attached to four differ atoms or different atoms/groups of atoms)

Question 10

Functional group

Answer 10

chemical group that are directly involved in chemical reactions

Question 11

Structure and Function

Answer 11

organic molecule depend not only on the **arrangement of its carbon skeleton but also on the various chemical groups **(affect molecular shape, contributing to function) attached to that skeleton

Question 12

Adenosine Triphosphate (ADP)

Answer 12

organic phosphate considered the primary energy currency of cells, storing and transferring energy needed for various cellular processes like muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and chemical synthesis (stores potential to react with water…releasing heat)