CHAPTER 4 - CADRIOREPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
Respiratory System
Add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from blood
Circulatory System
- Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products and chemical messages (hormones)
- Maintains body temperature by transporting heat from the core to the skin, where it can dissipate
Pulmonary Circulation
- Right pump
- Right atrium and right ventricle
- Collect blood from tissue and push it through the lungs back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
- Left pump
- Left atrium and left ventricle
- Takes blood from lunges and moves it through the body and back to the right pump
Process of Blood Flow
- Superior/Inferior Vena Cava (veins)
- Right Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Pulmonary Artery
- Capillaries in the Lungs (add Oxygen, remove CO2)
- Pulmonary Vein
- Left Atrium
- Left Ventricle
- Aorta
- Systemic Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries (deposit oxygen and nutrients from blood, waste removed from cell)
- Systemic Veins
Quantity of Blood Circulation
- 5 Litres of blood circulation every minute at rest
- 7 litres of blood circulation every minute during exercise
Blood Pressure
- Force on arterial walls
- Normal is 120/80 mm of mercury (mmHg)
Systolic Blood Pressure
- Top number (normal is 120 mmHg).
- During heart contraction. Peak pressure
Diastolic Blood Pressure
- Bottom number (normal is 80 mmHg).
- During heart relaxation. Lowest pressure
Exercises Impact on Blood Pressure
- Training increases the ability of the heart to pump blood, so as a client becomes more fit their resting blood pressure remains constant or may even decrease because exercise helps maintain the elasticity of vessels and keeps the circulatory system healthy.
- Moderate exercise raises systolic (over 200 mmHg) but not dialectic (due to opening of more capillary beds)
- Blood flow during intense exercise compress arteries and reduce blood flow which can cause dizziness from a slowdown of blood to the heart and brain
Regular Heart Rate
72 Beats per Minute
3 Arteries For Pulse
- Radial artery: arm: preferred place to take their pulse
- Temporal artery: head
- Carotid artery: neck
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood the left ventricle pumps out in one beat (70ml average)
Exercise’s Effect on Stroke Volume (over time)
- Makes the ventricles become larger which lets them hold more blood and pump harder
- Increases stroke volume thus increasing ability of output per heartbeat
- This reduces stress on the heart
- Reduces heart rate
Cardiac Output
Amount of blood pumped in one minutes
= Stroke Volume* HR
Cardiac Output during Exercise
- Increases during exercise
- Stroke volume increases early and then eventually plateaus
- Heart rate increases with intensity and maxes out before exhaustion
Ventilation
- Air moves in and out of lungs along pressure gradients created by the diaphragm contracting and relaxing
- Diaphragm contracts which pulls it down into abdomen
- This acts like a vacuum by enlarging the volume of the lungs and decreasing the pressure within them
- When muscles relax pressure increases (you breath out)