Chapter 4 Blood

Question 0

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 0

Red blood cells

Question 1

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 1

TRANSPORTATION-oxygen,
nutrients,waste, hormones
REGULATION- temp, tissue fluid content, blood pH
DEFENSE SYSTEM-wbc, platelets, clotting factors

Question 2

What are leukocytes?

Answer 2

White blood cells

Question 3

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 3

Platelets (clotting)

Question 4

Where do all blood cells get made?

Answer 4

Red bone marrow

Question 5

What is the function of erythrocytes?

Answer 5

Carry oxygen

Question 6

What is the function of leukocyte?

Answer 6

Fight infections and defend

Question 7

What is plasma?

Answer 7

Liquid portion of blood (45%-78%)

Question 8

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 8

Making of blood

Question 9

What is a hematopoietic stem cell?

Answer 9

Making of a cell (any kind) depending on chemical or physiological stimulus and involves numerous cell divisions.

Question 10

What is heme?

Answer 10

Pigment portion, produced in mitochondria, contains iron atoms.

Question 11

What is globin?

Answer 11

Protein portion, produced in ribosomes

Question 12

Heme group can carry how many molecules of oxygen?

Answer 12

One molecule of oxygen

Question 13

Four heme groups can attach to how many globin molecules?

Answer 13

One globin molecule

Question 14

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 14

Hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen

Question 15

One oxygen molecule is associated with how many iron molecules?

Answer 15

One iron molecule

Question 16

What is deoxyhemoglobin?

Answer 16

Hemoglobin that has released its oxygen

Question 17

What is cell senescence?

Answer 17

When a cell dies

Question 18

What happens in rbc senescence?

Answer 18

• Enzyme activity decreases
• cell deforms, becomes rounder and volume decreases
• extravascular hemolysis

Question 19

What is extravascular hemolysis?

Answer 19

Rbc membrane is destroyed, iron goes to red bone marrow and amino acids go to the liver for re-use.

Question 20

What is intravascular hemolysis?

Answer 20

Rbc in circulation are subjected to stress, destruction and hemoglobin released into the blood.

Question 21

What is anemia?

Answer 21

Decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Question 22

What is anemia caused from?

Answer 22

Blood loss, increased rbc destruction, decreased rbc production and iron deficiency

Question 23

What is polycythemia?

Answer 23

Increase in number of RBC

Question 24

What are the 3 types of polycythemia?

Answer 24

Relative polycythemia Compensatory Rubea Vera

Question 25

What is relative polycythemia?

Answer 25

Hemoconcentration due to fluid loss. (Vomiting, diarrhea)

Question 26

What is compensatory polycythemia?

Answer 26

Result of hypoxia (high altitudes)

Question 27

What is polycythemia Rubra Vera?

Answer 27

Red bone marrow disorder

Question 28

What are the two immune systems?

Answer 28

Specific and non specific

Question 29

What are the two immune systems?

Answer 29

Specific and non specific

Question 30

What are the actions of the immune system?

Answer 30

- Phagocytosis and destruction of foreign cells - lysis of foreign membranes - inactivation of pathogens

Question 31

What does non specific immunity do?

Answer 31

- Mechanical barriers-skin and mucous membranes - Chemical barriers - inflammatory response-tissue damage releases chemical factors - phagocytosis by neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and tissue macrophages - natural killer cells - interferon- protein produced by cell after it has been infected , inhibits further development and spread of virus

Question 32

What is diapedesis?

Answer 32

Process that wbc use to go from circulation into tissue spaces

Question 33

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 33

Process that attracts wbc to inflammatory chemicals at a site of infection

Question 34

What is circulating pool?

Answer 34

Within lumen of blood vessels

Question 35

What is a marginal pool?

Answer 35

Line the walls of small blood vessels mainly in the spleen, lungs and abdominal organs.

Question 36

What are neutrophils?

Answer 36

Most numerous, first guys to fight. Have 2-5 segments. They phagocytosis.

Question 37

What are eosinophils? (Allergies and parasites)

Answer 37

Spend a lot of time in the tissue. They have anti-flammatories and phagocytosis

Question 38

What is eosinophila?

Answer 38

Increase in eosinophils

Question 39

What are basophils?

Answer 39

Granules contain histamine and heparin. Histamine helps initiate inflammation and allergic reactions. Heparin acts as anticoagulant and keeps blood flowing to an injured area

Question 40

Why are mast cells?

Answer 40

Tissue basophils

Question 41

What is a monocytes?

Answer 41

- largest wbc in circulation - phagocytic cells - known as tissue macrophages - clean up - show up at end

Question 42

What is monocytosis?

Answer 42

Increase number of monocytes.

Question 43

What is monocytopenia?

Answer 43

Decreased number of monocytes

Question 44

What is specific immunity?

Answer 44

Only attack specific pathogens

Question 45

What do non specific immunities attack?

Answer 45

Any pathogens

Question 46

How many cells to specific immunity have?

Answer 46

Two. B and T cells

Question 47

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 47

- no phagocytic abilities - live in lymphoid tissues - born in bone marrow

Question 48

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

Answer 48

- t cells - b cells - natural killer cells

Question 49

What are T-cells?

Answer 49

Produced in thymus before going to lymphoid tissue. Responsible for cell mediated immunity and for activating B cells.

Question 50

What are B-cells?

Answer 50

Responsible for antibody production. Are in lymph nodes and spleen.

Question 51

What is humoral immunity?

Answer 51

B cells recognize an antigen and transform into plasma cells.

Question 52

What is a complement?

Answer 52

Group of enzymes in plasma that can be activated by the attachment of and antibody to an antigen.

Question 53

What is a natural killer cell?

Answer 53

Don't have to be activated by a specific antigen. Can kill some killer cells and must come in direct contact to kill.

Question 54

What are immunoglobulin?

Answer 54

Antibodies