Chapter 4 Biology of the Cell

Question 1

General Cell function includes

Answer 1

Maintain integrity and shape
obtain nutrients and form chemical building blocks
dispose of wastes

Question 2

Structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 2

Polar heads and non polar tails of phospholipids with integral and peripheral proteins throughout. The Plasma membrane is a fluid, thin, wavy, selectively permeable bi-layer.

Question 3

Functions of plasma membrane

Answer 3

1. physical barrier
2. selective permeable boundary- regulates entry and exit of ions, nutrients, and waste molecules
3. electrochemical gradients
4. communication- contains receptors that recognize and respond to molecular signals

Question 4

What is a theory in science

Answer 4

an explanation of what/how something works

Question 5

Cell Theory

Answer 5

1. Cells are the structural and functional unit of life
2. organism activity depends on cell functioning
3. complementary cell functions determined by sub-cellular structures
4. because of cell reproduction we have continuity of life

Question 6

Two types of proteins

Answer 6

1. integral- embedded within and extend completely across the phospholipid bi layer
2. peripheral - attached loosely to either the internal or external membrane surface and anchored to an integral protein

Question 7

protein functions in the cell membrane

Answer 7

1. transport proteins
2. cell surface receptors
3. identity markers
4. enzymes
5. anchoring sites
6. cell adhesion proteins

Question 8

ribosome

Answer 8

synthesizes proteins

Question 9

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

synthesizes and transports proteins

Question 10

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

synthesizes lipids

Question 11

golgi apparatus

Answer 11

packages and modifies proteins

Question 12

mitochondrion

Answer 12

synthesizes ATP- the powerhouse of the cell

Question 13

lysosome

Answer 13

contains enzymes that digest old organelles

Question 14

peroxisome

Answer 14

detoxifies toxic substances

Question 15

centrioloes

Answer 15

organizes the mitotic spindles during cell division

Question 16

Cell Cycle

Answer 16

Interphase and Mitotic Phase (includes mitosis and cytokinesis)

Question 17

Phases of Mitosis

Answer 17

1. Prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase and cytokinesis
5. End Result

Question 18

Prophase

Answer 18

During prophase, the duplicated chromosomes coil and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell, and the mitotic spindle forms.

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate, (equator)

Question 20

anaphase

Answer 20

sister chromatids move apart and to the poles of the cell

Question 21

Telophase

Answer 21

sister chromatids reach the poles, uncoil to become chromatin, nuclear envelope forms and the cleavage furrows ready to pinch off.